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heat storage principles sensible heat latent heat thermo-chemical liquid 1 solid solid- liquid liquid- gaseous sorption chemcial absorption adsorption sorptive thermal energy storage – an alternative with great potential Sorptive heat storage systems which are counted as thermo-chemical storage sys- tems, are promising technology approaches with considerable benefits compared to both sensible and latent heat storage sys- tems. Storage densities can be many times higher, which allows for more compact stor- age. The energy stored here is bound physi- co-chemically and not by sensible means. Thermal loss is eliminated since during stor- age no temperature gradient between the medium and the environment exists. Further important advantages arise through more flexible working temperatures and loss-free storage over a lengthy time period. In con- nection with the EU-funded project Heat- Saver, the Fraunhofer IGB, together with European partners in industry and research, has declared it a goal to exploit the poten- tial of this technology and implement it. From the laboratory to the pilot scale systems The basis for developmental work has been established in laboratory experiments together with our project partner ZeoSys. Firstly, various adsorbent agents were ex- amined in an experimental reactor with a capacity of 1.5 liters. In particular, various zeolites were characterized according to their properties and ball sizes. A pilot plant was then developed and constructed in 2 which various heat exchanger configura- tions and process conditions can be exam- ined on a 15-liter scale. Due to the fact that good heat and mass transport in the storage reactor highly influences the stor- age efficiency, intensive tests were carried out at this stage. The results served as a basis for a further scale-up of the technol- ogy to a storage volume of 750 liters. This plant was integrated into a transportable 10-foot container housing all the necessary additional components. As a result, the technology can be tested under realistic conditions at various locations. results In the course of the project it was possible to successfully develop a novel heat storage technology based on a closed, adsorptive heat storage process and translate it to dif- ferent scales (1.5 to 750 liters). A heat ex- changer design for adsorbent bulk which can easily be scaled-up was created to im- prove heat input and output. The specific energy storage densities that were attained range from 150 to 240 Wh/kg of storage material. This corresponds to an increase by a factor of 2 to 3.5 in comparison to water- based sensible heat storages with a temper- ature difference of 60 Kelvin. outlook A transportable test storage unit is now available which should be improved further and tested at various industrial locations. In subsequent projects this technology will be further developed and demonstrated. The goal is to offer indus- trially relevant solutions. With these solu- tions e.g. biogas-based power plants can be operated as fully-fledged combined heat and power plants by efficiently using the waste heat. Project partners ZEOSYS GmbH, Berlin | B&O Gebäudetechnik GmbH, Berlin | Giordano Industries, Aubagne, Frankreich | Dvigatel Regital, Tallinn, Estland | BTB GmbH, Berlin | UK ISRI, Melton Mowbray, England Funding The research in the project “HeatSaver – Ther- mo-chemical heat storage system to save energy costs across a wide area of industrial applica- tions” leading to these results has received funding from the European Union‘s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 222116 / FP7-SME-2007-1. 1 Possibilities for thermal energy storage. 2 Pilot storage unit with a volume of 750 liters in a transportable con- tainer.PDF Image | Zeolite packed bed in an experimental Sorptive heat Storage
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