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Sustainable Energy Conversion Through the Use of Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Applications.

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Sustainable Energy Conversion Through the Use of Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Applications. ( sustainable-energy-conversion-through-use-organic-rankine-cy )

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Chapter 3: Experimental setups Summary. This chapter presents two experimental studies: the first one is an ORC prototype whose expander is an oil-free scroll expander and the second one is a prototype of a hermetic scroll expander. Both expanders are obtained by adapting a scroll compressor to make it run in reverse. A maximum efficiency of 7.3% is obtained for the ORC prototype, with a very promising expander mechanical isentropic effectiveness of 71%. About the same effectiveness is measured on the hermetic scroll expander but considering the electrical output power instead of shaft power. 1 Introduction The small-scale Organic Rankine Cycle technology is still at an early stage of development. To understand the behavior of such a cycle under different conditions, practical experience is needed. This experience has at least three objectives: ➢ Evaluate the performance potential of such a system and point out the main sources of irreversibilities. ➢ Calibrate a model of the cycle and compare predictions with experimental data. ➢ Understand and quantify the main physical and thermodynamic processes taking place in the system in order to be able to control them and propose a regulation strategy. Few studies have provided experimental data from operational small-capacity ORC prototypes. The work on a superposed ORC cycle (i.e. the condenser of the topping cycle is also the evaporator of the bottoming cycle) proposed by (E. H. Kane, 2002) is of particular interest, since the technology is similar to the one proposed in the present work. The fluids of the bottoming and topping cycles (respectively HCFC-123 and HFC-134a) were selected to optimize the overall performance, with a heat source temperature of 165°C. A maximum net efficiency of 12% was reached. (Manolakos et al., 2009) studied a 2kWe low-temperature solar ORC with HFC-134a as working fluid and evacuated tube collectors: an overall efficiency below 4% was obtained. (H. Liu et al., If you cannot measure it, You cannot improve it 1

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