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Chapter 2: The Organic Rankine Cycle piston expanders are more appropriate for applications with large expansion ratio because their design allows for higher internal built-in volume ratios. A major difficulty associated with the use of a positive displacement machine is its lubrication. One solution consists in installing an oil separator at the expander exhaust. In this case, unlike with compressors, an oil pump is necessary to drive the separated oil back to the expander suction. Another solution consists in letting the oil travel with the refrigerant through the system and to install an oil separator at the evaporator exhaust. Separated oil is injected into the bearings, while the lubrication of the two spirals (in the case of a scroll expander) relies on the slight inefficiency of the separator. Alternatively, oil- free machines can be used, but generally show lower volumetric performance and high leakage due to larger tolerances between moving parts (V. Lemort et al., 2009, Yanagisawa et al., 2001). In some operating conditions (wet fluids with limited superheat at the expander supply), liquid may appear at the end of the expansion. This could be a threat of damage for piston expanders but not for scroll and screw expanders, since the latter can generally accept a large mass fraction of liquid. 15PDF Image | Sustainable Energy Conversion Through the Use of Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Applications.
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