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P PP PD P 7.374BAR WF ,EVP,EXIT 5 X 0.937,T T 5 EVP X 0.937,T 77.77 QEVP h4 MFR Predicting the overall heat transfer coefficient for the heat exchanger normally depends on detailed fluid property data and geometry information as well as an appropriate correlation. The nature of two-phase flow in ORC heat exchangers is such that the vapour and the liquid phase are of the same chemical substance (two-phase single-component). Heat transfer in a two-phase two-component system (e.g. in air-water flow) has a relatively simple impact on the system behaviour: only the physical (material) properties of the phases are temperature dependent. Two-phase single-component systems are far more complicated, because the heat transfer and the temperature cause (in addition to changes of the physical properties of the phases) mass exchanges between the phases, by evaporation, flashing and condensation. Two- phase systems like the liquid-vapour systems require their own, very complicated mathematical modelling and dedicated two-phase single-component experiments. In calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient for the heat exchangers, only the convective heat transfer coefficient at the saturated liquid condition for the refrigerant are considered as two phase heat transfer properties of R-245fa are not defined in NIST. Delil’s [59] work summarised that the heat transfer process in two-component systems is based on caloric heat only, the mechanisms are restricted to conduction and convection where as heat transfer in single-component systems is far more efficient, as the transport is not only by caloric heat but also by the larger contribution of latent heat (evaporation or condensation). Though liquid-vapour flows obey all basic fluid mechanics laws, their constitutive equations are more numerous and more complicated than the equations for single-phase flows. The complications are due to the fact that inertia, viscosity and buoyancy effects can be attributed both to the liquid phase and to the vapour phase, and also due to the impact of surface tension effects [59]. An extra major complication for heat exchangers is the spatial distribution of liquid and vapour, the so-called flow pattern. El Hajal et al. [60] and their research group [61] developed a flow regime map for two phase fluids. They classified the flow into fully-stratified, stratified- wavy, intermittent, annular, mist and bubbly flow regimes. hEVP,EXIT h5 QEVP MFR hEVP,IN 4.1.5 Overall heat transfer coefficient WF WF 60PDF Image | study of ORC with the expansion process twin screw machines
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