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addition, overall heat transfer coefficients (U) for plate type exchangers are three to four times those of shell and tube units. Availability of a wide variety of corrosion resistant alloys: Since the heat transfer area is constructed of thin plates, stainless steel or other high alloy construction is significantly less costly than for a shell and tube exchanger of similar material. Ease of maintenance: The construction of the heat exchanger is such that, upon disassembly, all heat transfer areas are available for inspection and cleaning. Disassembly consists only of loosening a small number of tie bolts. Expandability and multiplex capability: A plate heat exchanger consists of a framework containing several heat transfer plates. It can easily be extended to increase capacity. (This only applies to gasketed heat exchangers, and not to brazed units.) In addition, two or more heat exchangers can be housed in a single frame, thus reducing space requirements and capital costs. Compact design: The superior thermal performance of the plate heat exchangers and the space efficient design of the plate arrangement results in a very compact piece of equipment. Space requirements for the plate heat exchanger are generally 10% to 50% that of a shell and tube unit for an equivalent duty. Thin material for the heat transfer surface: This gives optimum heat transfer, since the heat only has to penetrate thin material. High turbulence in the medium: The corrugated design of plates assures rigidity, at the same time, it enhances the turbulence performance and maximizes the flow distribution. The consequence of this higher heat transfer coefficient per unit area is not only a smaller surface area requirement but also a more efficient plant. The high turbulence also gives a self cleaning effect. Therefore, when compared to the traditional shell and tube heat exchanger, fouling of the heat transfer surfaces is considerably reduced. This means that plate heat exchangers can remain in service far longer between cleaning intervals. 4.1.1 Assessments of possible plate heat exchanger technologies From a thermodynamic point of view, a one pass design is preferred because it is the only one that gives pure countercurrent flow. In the design of heat exchangers, not only the construction and size, but also the material being used is of a high importance. The most basic and the cheapest kind of steel used for heat exchangers is carbon steel. However, it cannot be 52PDF Image | study of ORC with the expansion process twin screw machines
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