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Chapter 3 Modelling (Global model) 3.1 Introduction The ability to model ORC equipment and complete ORC plant is essential for optimizing the performance and consequently cutting down costs. For many years, computer models have been important tools in this area. Designing ORC power plant is a highly domain dependent task. It requires a balanced study of three major considerations, namely: the decision about the plant lay out (choice of components and their dispositions); the planning of the plant operational requirements (provision for maintenance and upratings); and the variation of external conditions (changing waste heat source and electric prices). Depending on the system complexity and the scope of a particular research different approaches can be involved. At least the following components must be included, preheater, evaporator, expander, condenser, pumps and connection lines. To specify any unit, parameters like inlet and outlet streams and operating pressure/temperature should be known. 3.2 Model background Power Plant Performance Prediction Program or P5 is an ORC mathematical model built by connecting the models of its different main components. It is then used for simulation and analysis in this study. The model was designed for screening of potential power cycle configurations and detailed design optimization and analysis. Material requirements of the evaporator are more stringent as the working fluid becomes superheated, and a lower thermal conductivity of the superheated vapour would result in a lower heat transfer rate as compared with the saturated vapour. Hence, due to economical feasibility and technical simplicity a wet vapour cycle was considered with a variable expander exit dryness fraction to a maximum value of X=0.99. Equations that describe the performance of each cycle component were developed and the coupled equations are solved to provide a steady state operating point that can be analysed to determine the performance potential of the optimum designed cycle. The energy balance for each component and isentropic efficiency definitions are applied in order to determine states of the working fluid and then evaluate the specific net output and the cycle efficiency. 41PDF Image | study of ORC with the expansion process twin screw machines
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