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2.4 R245fa No fluid has been identified to date, which will satisfy all the criteria mentioned above. It is possible to draw a list of working fluids that have been considered as possible candidates or have been used in operational ORC systems. Some refrigerants satisfy the above mentioned criteria more than the others. One such refrigerant is R-245fa. An application development guide released by Honeywell gives some of the properties of R-245fa and also some of the applications of this refrigerant as the working fluid. Theoretical analyses (figure 25 & 26) also show that R245fa is an effective working fluid for low temperature ORC systems. It shows high power-generating ability, high economical efficiency and an acceptable environmental effect in the low-temperature range [14] [53]. R245fa, even if eliminated due to its slightly lower efficiency, remains as a candidate since it is commonly used in many operating ORC systems and seems to be a promising working fluid. R245fa possesses its own advantage in the operation of the low-temperature ORC system. Compared with pentane, R245fa’s advantage is the non-flammability, thus the safety of the system is certifiable [54]. The use of R245fa would provide favourable heat transfer and transport properties (high heat exchanger efficiency and low pump power requirements). The ratio of heat transfer coefficient to friction factor signifies the heat transfer performance efficiency (one wants to maximize heat transfer and minimize fluid friction or pumping power). Figure 27 illustrates that R245fa has a higher heat transfer coefficient to friction factor ratio than many other commercially available heat transfer fluids. 39PDF Image | study of ORC with the expansion process twin screw machines
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