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From the study of design parameters, Lee et al. [17] concluded that the temperature of saturated vapour in the evaporator, the condensing temperature in the condenser, the temperature of superheated vapour flowing out of the superheater and the effectiveness of the regenerator have significant effects on the economic feasibility of the ORC energy recovery system, and there exists an economical combination for those parameters. He also pointed out that the system efficiency of an ORC correlates with the fluid’s normal boiling point, critical pressure and molecular weight. Drescher et al. [18] investigated the ORC in solid biomass power and heat plants. He proposed a method to find suitable thermodynamic fluids for ORCs in biomass plants and found that the family of alkybenzenes showed the highest efficiency. Chen et al. [19] examined the performance of a trans-critical CO2 power cycle utilizing energy from low grade heat in comparison to an ORC using R123 as working fluid. They found that when utilizing the low grade heat source with equal mean thermodynamic heat rejection temperature, the carbon dioxide trans-critical power cycle had a slightly higher power output than the ORC. The use of waste heat from micro turbines to enhance their overall performance by integrating them with an ORC bottoming cycle was highlighted by Invernizzi et al. [20]. A specific analysis was conducted to select the most appropriate fluid capable of satisfying both environmental and technical concerns. With reference to a micro-gasturbine with a size of about 100 kWe, a combined configuration could increase the net electric power by about 1/3. This result is achieved by adopting esa-methyl-disiloxane (the simplest olygomer among poly-methyl- siloxanes) as the working fluid. 1.10.4 Cycle configurations Mago et al. [21] showed the potential of a regenerative ORC using dry organic fluids to convert waste heat to power from low-grade heat sources. The different working fluids studied were R-113, R-245ca, R-123, and isobutene. It was shown that using a regenerator resulted in higher thermal efficiency and lower irreversibilities. He also showed that using fluids with higher boiling temperature improved the system performance. Desai et al. [22] found that a basic ORC can be modified by incorporating both regeneration and turbine bleeding to improve thermal efficiency. They proposed a methodology for appropriate integration and optimization of an ORC as a cogeneration process with the background process to generate shaft-work. Saleh et al. [14] also presented a thermodynamic analysis of ORC’s using several working fluids and showed that regeneration using an internal heat exchanger improves thermal efficiency in the case of dry fluids. A small portion of the working fluid may be extracted from the turbine 23PDF Image | study of ORC with the expansion process twin screw machines
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