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Note that ORC efficiency only degrades in the absence of any form of recuperation or energy recovery. As the degree of superheat increases for an organic working fluid, the amount of available energy at the expander exit also increases. Efforts to increase the average temperature of heat addition must always be considered along with energy recovery in order to optimize cycle efficiency. Therefore a significant amount of superheat added to the hydrocarbon working fluid has the effect of a relatively small increase of power output. Hence, the cycles studied here are for wet & saturated vapour admission to the expander, due to their practical relevance. 1.9 Design boundary conditions Design boundary conditions for the model of an ORC should be carefully chosen in order to assure the best performance of the unit under its future operating conditions. The factors which effect of performance of ORC power plant in the greatest way and have to be assessed before the design process are, design temperature of heat source, mass flow and type of fluid used as a heat source. The mass flow of heat source fluid directly affects the power output of a plant. With all other boundary conditions fixed, optimal power capacity as well as the size of heat exchangers is almost proportional to the mass flow of the waste heat source. From an economic point of view, if the price of fuel is fixed, in almost all circumstances a high rated power plant is favoured over a small unit. That is because the specific cost of each component is dependent on its size. It is usually high for small units and decreases exponentially with the size. A solution to these two problems exists, although it is not a perfect one. It takes advantage of an obvious feature of standardized units. Because of identical construction and performance, such units can work in a parallel network, where the flow of the heat source fluid is distributed equally across several units. Such a design provides a chance for a close fit of designed capacity to the available flow. The smaller the elementary unit is, the better the achievable match will be. However, compromise has to be found between the close fit of supply and demand and increased costs caused by the small size of the elementary unit, additional piping etc. Other issues linked to the development of a waste heat recovery system involve assessing, upset conditions occurring in the plant due to heat recovery, availability of space etc. It is also necessary to evaluate the selected waste heat recovery system on the basis of financial analysis such as investment, depreciation, payback period, rate of return etc. 18PDF Image | study of ORC with the expansion process twin screw machines
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