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Isentropic fluid (Figure 15 e.g. R134a): Since the vapour expands along a near vertical line on the T-S diagram, vapour saturated at the expander inlet will remain saturated throughout the expansion without condensation or will have slight superheat. 1.7.2 Advantages of ORC ORC systems have advantage in comparison to steam plants. They are compact, due to the higher densities of the vapour phase. Require fewer stages of expansion. No superheat is required to avoid wet vapour conditions in the expander exhaust. The smaller ratio between evaporative heating and liquid heating in the working fluid increases the amount of power that may be recovered from a particular heat source, dependant on the characteristics of the fluid chosen. The expander (twin screw expander) operates at a low peripheral speed. This has the advantage of gear free transmission resulting in long operating life, less maintenance, and fewer repairs [5]. Most ORC systems are essentially self running and do not need the constant supervision of a human operator. 1.8 Types of cycles If the thermodynamic state of the fluid leaving the heat exchangers is to be considered, one can differentiate between trilateral flash (TFC), (figure 16), wet vapour(figure 17), saturated vapour, superheated vapour(figure 18) and supercritical (figure 19) vapour cycle. Figure 16 T-S diagram for TFC using R254fa 15PDF Image | study of ORC with the expansion process twin screw machines
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