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Chapter 5 Economic analysis Analysing the proposed figures, one can immediately appreciate the chain length effect on the final results: passing from a long to a short chain, results do not change as order of magnitude, but obviously the positive effect of the associated higher incentives is shown in decreasing PBTs and increasing NPVs and IRRs (the opposite effects justify the inverted colours in the graphs). However, generally results are not much different from those obtained in the 1 MWel case, especially concerning PayBack Times, which are still 1 ÷ 1.5 years. This is essentially due to the fact that the higher electrical efficiencies achieved on this scale (30 ÷ 40% against 25 ÷ 30%) are balanced by lower economic incentives associated to green certificates. ICE GAS and GT EXT CER, again, prove to be the best solutions, according to all three economic items (PBT, NPV and IRR): similarly to the previous case, the former is preferable if only electricity is sold, while the latter becomes slightly more convenient in the two scenarios related to thermal energy sale. Economic performance of the combined solution ICE GAS ORC is very similar to the base case, i.e. ICE GAS: this means that the addition of the ORC does not lead to appreciable economical advantages, as the ORC installation cost balances the additional power output. As in the previous case, GT GAS REG PRES and the related combined solution GT GAS ORC instead denote somewhat less interesting results (again, apart from the former NPV at 7000 h). Finally, the hybrid configuration suggests considerations that are half way between those proposed for the previous scales. First of all, it is important to note that turbine inlet temperature of the reference gas turbine at 5 MWel is 1093°C, i.e. a high value, that leads to a high share of natural gas power input compared to the biomass one: 63% against 37%, similarly to the 100 kWel case. As discussed above, this implies low economic incentives for electric energy sale (as it mainly derives from a fossil fuel) and a consequent high incidence of heat sale, which is clearly appearing in the figures (if heat is not recovered, break-even point is not reached). Moreover, also the chain length condition, with consequently a different amount of green certificates, is proportionally more important. On the other hand, investment costs are lower than in the 100 kWel case, therefore the plant rapidly moves towards desirable PBTs in case of conspicuous heat sale, although Net Present Values are limited again. 190PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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