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Chapter 4 Thermodynamic analysis Air pre-heating is undoubtedly advantageous for internal combustion engines and gas turbines with ambient pressure gasifier, since, power and useful heat being equal, higher cold gas efficiency determines a lower fuel power input, that implies an increase of about 1% in the electrical efficiency and 2% in the first law one. In case of pressurised gasifier, instead, the matter is a little different: pre-heating air, in fact, does not yield appreciable variations in the electrical efficiency. This is due to the fact that gasification air has to be compressed and thus, after exiting the dryer, the share of mass flow rate to be injected in the gasifier is sent to a compressor. Nevertheless this compression starts from high temperature (about 200°C) and therefore compression work is higher than in case of compression from ambient air. Hence the benefits related to the enhance of combustion air temperature are balanced by the higher power consumption of the compressor itself4. On the other hand, an increase of about 2% in first law efficiency is registered as in the previous two cases, because cold gas efficiency is higher all the same (obviously higher compressor consumption has no effect in this sense) and thus fuel power input decreases (while process heat remains almost equal). If the residual air mass flow rate is then used for further heat recovery, thermal efficiency raises and first law one does the same (the increase is averagely 3%), electrical efficiency being constant in first analysis. Actually this is not completely true, because the head losses related to the recovery heat exchanger cause a little decrease in the power output. Indeed, this little loss has been found only in the gas turbine solutions, as for internal combustion engines exhaust gas losses have been put equal to zero for computational reasons (however the concept does not change). Finally, in case of hypothetical fuelling with hot syngas, a considerable increase in electrical efficiency could be expected, since, power output being roughly constant, the introduction of syngas sensible heat in the combustion chamber lowers the fuel power demand and thus its required inlet mass flow rate. Actually this is what happens with ICE GAS and GT GAS PRES, where an increase of about 3 ÷ 4% is registered, nevertheless for gas turbine coupled with an ambient pressure gasifier not only this increase does not occur, but there is also a 3% reduction. The reason still lies in the high 4 Theoretically the whole air mass flow rate could be compressed starting from ambient temperature before entering the air/syngas heat exchanger, but one could verify that this solution is worse than the previous one (two thirds of the mass flow rate would be compressed in vain). 168PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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