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Chapter 4 Thermodynamic analysis Finally GT HYB as usual settles on the levels of GT GAS REG PRES, i.e. about 30%. On the other hand, observations made in the previous sections can be proposed again for first law efficiencies, too. Here it is sufficient to note the poor performance of STIG solutions, where heat is absorbed to produce injection steam increasing electrical efficiency, but determining a strong reduction in the process heat yield. In conclusion, the most interesting solutions are those previously mentioned, in addition, of course, to ICE GAS ORC. 4.4 Improved gasification solutions As described in the previous chapter and shown in the plant schemes proposed in the previous pages, the gasification facility provides the recovery of syngas sensible heat by means of an air stream, that is then used to dry biomass. If very wet fuel is used, the thermal content of this air stream is mainly absorbed for this purpose and can then not be used for other applications, but if biomass moisture is low (like in the examined case, where it is recalled that wood pellets with 8.7% moisture are used), air exiting the biomass dryer still has an interesting temperature (about 200°C with the adopted design data) and therefore it can be exploited for other thermal purposes. Firstly it can be used to feed the gasifier: in Section 4.3.1 the advantages related to this operation have already been discussed. Moreover, it can be verified that air mass flow rate required for gasification is always lower than the available one, thus the surplus can be used to produce additional process heat3. A further optimisation could be represented by high-temperature syngas cleaning: as discussed in Chapter 1, this technology presents a lot of problems and cannot be applied 3 To explain this point it is sufficient to perform a little analysis regarding the order of magnitude of the problem. As said, cooling air mass flow is calculated so that, given its inlet temperature equal to the ambient one and the requirements for the syngas that has to be cooled from 500°C to 60 ÷ 100°C, syngas/air heat exchanger has an effectiveness of 90%. Calculation leads to an air mass flow rate that is about double the syngas one. Moreover, syngas mass flow rate actually derives by one third from solid biomass and by two thirds from gasification air (see Figure 3.6): therefore, roughly, available hot air is normally about three times higher than required by the gasifier. 165PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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