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Chapter 4 Thermodynamic analysis Returning to Figure 4.17, GT EXT CER also presents an analogous electrical efficiency, as the reduction due to the externally fired configuration is balanced by the lack of the losses related to the gasification process. On the contrary, GT EXT MET is heavily penalised by the low allowable maximum temperature, which determines a difference of about 8% compared with the previous case. As predictable, the ORC solution shows a lower efficiency than that of the other solutions (apart from GT EXT MET): 20% is exceeded only in the pure electric configuration, but at the cost of neglecting thermal heat recovery, with unacceptable consequences (at least in general) on the first law efficiency. Finally, GT HYB performance is comparable to the aforementioned ones: as predicted, the afterburning involves a ηel decrease compared to the natural gas case. Concerning first law efficiency (Figure 4.18), again gasification solutions are burdened by the losses related to syngas sensible heat, which is only partially recovered. This determines a decrease of about 12 ÷ 15% compared to the methane feeding case, whereas this does not happen in the other four GT solutions keeping 75 ÷ 80%, since a stronger heat recovery is achieved against lower electrical efficiencies. The most interesting performance is however the ORC one (obviously in CHP configuration), where ηI exceeds 90%: in case of high heat demand, this solution could be suitably adopted. However, for the purposes of this work, due to its poor electric performance, it is not considered a proper choice. On the contrary, the most interesting solutions are: ICE GAS, GT GAS REG PRES, GT EXT CER and GT HYB. 4.3.2 1 MWel size Twelve solutions have been considered for 1 MWel size: the three GT simple cycle solutions (GAS AMB, GAS PRES and DIR) and the combined GT GAS ORC are now added to the eight ones previously analysed. Differently from the previous case, however, a preliminary analysis must now be carried out in order to cream off the possible versions of the GT GAS ORC solution. In fact there would be twelve theoretical configurations, then reduced to eight considering that STIG cycle is not suitable for such an application. These eight solutions are given by the combination of simple or regenerative cycle, pressurised or ambient pressure gasifier and CHP or electric ORC configuration. The objective of this phase is to 156PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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