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Chapter 3 Working hypotheses and preliminary analysis instead, has a LHV equal to about 50 MJ/kg and 35 MJ/Nm3 (see Table 1.4), that means ten times in mass terms and seven in volumetric terms higher than syngas one, which implies a much higher fuel requirement to get the same power input or the same maximum temperature if syngas is used instead of methane for plant feeding. This involves some important implications on plants operation. As there are significant differences regarding these aspects between internal combustion engines and gas turbines, they will be analysed separately. 3.4.2.1 Internal combustion engines Biomass syngas, like natural gas has a good anti-knock behaviour, therefore it can be suitably used in SI engines. It is also possible to use it in CI engines, but obviously only in dual-fuel configuration with pilot diesel injection [3.9]. This work will focus the first category. Moreover, again similarly to natural gas case, these engines can be specifically developed for syngas feeding or derive from CI machines: the former will be considered here. Internal combustion engines in ThermoflexTM are pre-built components, supposed to be natural gas fuelled, as regards SI machines. They are reliable models, nevertheless they are little versatile, i.e. every model is characterised by default values of power output, electrical efficiency (thus fuel power input) and flue gas mass flow rate. Therefore if the engine is fed with a low-LHV fuel instead of methane, and thus a higher mass flow rate of this fluid is required, the software automatically lowers air input to compensate that increase and keep gas mass flow rate constant, always yielding the same power with the same efficiency. Only if the stoichiometric limit is reached, and then a further decrease of air mass flow rate would prevent the reaction to take place, stoichiometric conditions are kept and exhaust mass flow rate can raise accordingly (power output remains constant all the same). Apart from this last particular condition, it is therefore necessary to verify that the main assumption is correct, at least approximately, for the examined case: this can be done performing some calculations8. 8 In these calculations simplified air volume composition, i.e. 79% of N2 and 21% of O2, is being considered. Their ratio is exactly 3.76: for this reason the “air molecule” is indicated as O2 + 3.76 N2. 109PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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