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Chapter 3 Working hypotheses and preliminary analysis 3.3.2 Reference plant Gasifiers produced by Ankur Scientific and distributed in Italy by Caema are considered as reference in this work. They are fixed-bed downdraft air-blown gasifiers, working at ambient pressure, with the following nominal/average data [3.4]: • combustion temperature: 1000 ÷ 1100°C • reduction temperature: 600 ÷ 800°C • syngas exit temperature: 500°C • syngas composition (molar fraction, dry basis): - CO:16÷18% - H2:16÷18% - CH4:2÷3% • syngas LHV: 1200 kcal/kg (5000 kJ/kg) • cold gas efficiency: 80% Another important issue already stated in Chapter 1 has to be discussed at this point. A gasification temperature is in effect properly defined in fluidised bed gasifiers, but there are different reaction zones in fixed bed devices, each one with its own temperature: therefore it is not correct to refer to a single gasification temperature. Nevertheless the gasifier model available in ThermoflexTM requires indication of a unique value for this parameter6: it is thus necessary to indicate a sort of average equivalent temperature to properly model a fixed bed gasifier. In the present case, it is quite easy to foresee that an intermediate temperature, i.e. 800°C, will be suitable for the purpose. However, a quick analysis has been conducted also in this sense: Figures 3.10 and 3.11 show the progress of lower heating value (on dry basis) and cold gas efficiency as a function of temperature, feeding the gasifier with different types of wood, whose composition is indicated in Table 3.1 (moisture ranges from 0% to 20%, the highest value normally accepted by downdraft gasifiers). 6 The two cases discussed in the previous section implicitly refer to this configuration. 102PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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