SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

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SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION ( small-scale-biomass-power-generation )

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Chapter 3 Working hypotheses and preliminary analysis Virtually every kind of information concerning the simulated plant is then provided: • overall plant data (power output, electrical efficiency, heat rate, etc.); • characteristic features of the various components (size and temperature-heat transfer diagram of a heat exchanger, steam expansion line in the enthalpy- entropy diagram for a turbine, produced or absorbed power, etc.); • values of the thermodynamic parameters (temperature, pressure, enthalpy, steam quality in addition to mass flow rate), which may override the user’s input data if necessary, in every point of the plant. It must be specified that results implicitly refer to full-load steady conditions, while the transient phase is not analysed. On the other hand, once effected the design calculation, off-design simulations can be performed: indeed, ThermoflexTM is particularly powerful regarding this kind of analysis, although, not being required, it has not been considered in this work. Another major ThermoflexTM feature consists in the broadness of its library, both concerning working mediums (gases, fuels, refrigerants, etc.) and, above all, pre-built commercial power plants, i.e. gas turbines and internal combustion engines. In particular, models of ICEs are very important for the purposes of this work, because they cannot be assembled starting from simpler components, but can only be used as single default machines. Gas turbines, instead, may be built up assembling compressor, combustor and turbine, in case looking elsewhere for design parameters [3.1]. 3.3 Gasifier If proper input data are supplied, ThermoflexTM can suitably simulate plants of any size. Nevertheless, it is quite inevitable that it gives greater emphasis to large combined cycles and steam plants. This point also becomes clear considering the models of gasifiers available in its library: in fact, apart from the user-defined general purpose gasifier, three specific models can be additionally chosen, but all of them refer to oxygen-blown commercial devices dedicated to coal gasification in large IGCCs. Therefore the former, that can obviously be fed with any fuel, has been taken into account in this work: it is shown in Figure 3.3. 96

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