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Chapter 9 Feasible and efficient energy storage systems are foreseen to be the enabler technology for future power plants, such as, notably, those in the field of concentrated solar power (CSP). Furthermore, small-scale distributed CSP plants co-generating heating and cooling power will probably gain an important role. As already said, ORC turbo-generators are good candidates for similar applications but, before this work, no storage system tailored to this technology was investigated. Therefore, this study has the potential to open up new possibilities of dissemination for solar-powered ORC engines. With Chapter 5, the focus of the analysis is moved from the component- to the system-level, by proposing an innovative methodology for the design of flexible energy conversion systems, which takes dynamic requirements on critical transients into account since a very early phase in the design cycle. The new tool DYNDES is presented, which utilizes a multi-objective optimization ap- proach to search for optimal system designs with potentially conflicting objectives. The main components, notably the heat exchangers in the considered case, are also preliminary sized at this step. The system dynamic performance is thus enforced as an additional design criterion, by testing the previously determined optimal system configurations by simulating the behavior of automatically parametrized dynamic simulations. It is shown how to exclude those designs which do not satisfy given dynamic requirements such as, e.g., the tolerance on network frequency variations as a consequence of a strong load oscillation. The developed methodology is successfully applied to the case study of an ORC-based combined cycle power plant for an off-grid oil platform. The proposed procedures and tools might be valuable for the preliminary design of first- of-a-kind systems with demanding dynamic requirements, also in fields other than energy conversion. Chapter 6 addresses another important aspect of modern energy systems, i.e. the operating strategy. The paradigmatic case of concentrated solar power plants selling energy in a context of time-varying tariffs is considered. The thermal energy storage (TES) system can be used to shift the production to the most profitable hours, exploiting the dispatchability capabilities of this technology. A simplified model of a state-of-the-art central receiver plant has been developed using high- level modelling languages, and proved to be accurate with respect to the SAM reference software and literature data. Optimal control problems have been formulated and solved using high-level modelling lan- guages. The validity of the analysis is confirmed by previously published results. As a novelty, different operating strategies are compared based on a detailed financial anal- ysis over the project life-time. A wide system design space is considered, and the results are presented for all the foreseeable combinations of solar field size and TES system capacity. A novel methodology is introduced, which allows to properly assess the potential of optimal control in terms of both the increased revenue and the reduced investment cost it allows for. It is demonstrated that optimal control should be taken into account when estimating the potential plant revenue since its design and sizing phase. It is shown that, for state-of-the art systems under the assumptions considered, it is always profitable to exploit optimal control to the end of increasing electricity production. On a yearly basis, an average gain in the revenue of the order of 5% is obtained with respect to 232PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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