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Chapter 7 Figure 7.5: Drawing of the vapour generator (HFT). Numbers corresponding to flanged connec- tions: 1. liquid drain, 2. PT-100 T sensor (TE1.0 in Fig. 7.4), 3. to return line (RL), 4. to burst disc, 5. static pressure transducer (P1.0), 6. liquid level meter (LL), 7. reference tube (RT) is equipped with a 1.5 kW ceramic band heater on the bottom section. To ensure good conducting contact between the band heaters and the wall, a 2 mm graphite layer is inserted between the band heater and the metal wall. Under normal operation conditions, the liquid level is high enough to cover the wall in contact with this heater, which is used as the main supply of thermal energy. Preliminary tests have highlighted that condensation occurs in the unheated sections, after which the condensate accumulates and cools below saturation conditions. This subcooled liquid periodically flows back in the bulk liquid, temporarily ceasing boiling with a pressure drop as a consequence. This induces a periodic instability, which prevents to maintain the desired stable ther- modynamic conditions. In order to overcome this problem, all the walls of the HFT are heated. However, since saturation conditions must be guaranteed in the vessel, the walls are kept at a tem- perature below the saturation value, such that no super-heating of the vapour occurs. In the middle section of the vessel a 2.8 kW ceramic band heater is used, again with an interposed graphite layer. The pipe leading to the burst disc (flange 4), the pipe leading to the reference tube (flange 7), and the top of the vessel are equipped each with a 6 m long 1 kW heating wire. The entire HFT is covered with a layer of minimum of 50 mm rockwool insulation. 7.3.3 Reference Tube The reference tube, or RT, is a component used for the thermal control of the charge tube. For this purpose it has the same geometry of a section of the charge tube except for its length, which is 500 mm. It has an internal diameter of 40 mm and 15 mm thick walls. On one end, a PT-100 is mounted to accurately measure the fluid temperature (TE2.0 in Fig. 7.4). Two lines connect the RT tube to 184PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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