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Chapter 7 Abstract This chapter describes the commissioning of the Flexible Asymmetric Shock Tube (FAST) setup, designed and built at the Delft University of Technology. The aim of this Ludwieg Tube facility is to measure wave propagation speed in the high pressure side of the tube, with the final objective of providing the first experimental evidence of the rarefaction shock waves in the dense vapor region of fluids formed by complex organic molecules. Measurements can be performed for a variety of fluids, and up to temperature and pressure conditions equal to 400◦ C and 20 bar, respectively. A fast opening valve induces a pressure disturbance propagating in the tube, which is thus sensed through 4 dynamic pressure transducers. The FAST components and the measurement methodology are described in detail. The fast opening valve is characterized in terms of its opening time. The results regarding a shock wave forming in air are presented, and used to demonstrate and validate the setup capabilities. Preliminary expansion measurements in D6 siloxane are also presented, being of special interest to the end of the envisaged non-classical gas dynamics experiments. 7.1 Introduction The branch of gas dynamics investigating exotic specimens such as rarefaction shock waves, and mixed or split waves, is called non-classical [1, 2]. However, the existence of non-classical gas dynamic phenomena in the single-phase vapour region is still an open question in fluid mechanics. Nsotwithstanding a certain number of attempts, experimental evidences are lacking. The empirical verification of the voluminous theoretical body forming non-classical gas dy- namics, contributed by a number of scientists worldwide since the first decades of the 20th century, would constitute a big advancement for science. Furthermore, a comparatively close at hand indus- trial application already exists in the field of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) turbogenerators [3, 4], a technology for the conversion of thermal energy into electricity presently growing at a fast pace [5]. This work documents the design, construction, and commissioning phases of the flexible asym- metric shock tube (FAST) set-up. This is a dense gas Ludwieg tube conceived and installed at the Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, with the aim of providing the first experimental proof of the most fascinating and evanescent non-classical gas dynamics effect, namely the rarefac- tion shock wave (RSW). The theoretical framework surrounding this research is summarized in §7.2, together with a literature review regarding past experiences in the field of experimental non-classical gas dynamics. A conceptual description of the FAST set-up and of its working principle, and the detailed descrip- tion of the main components are provided in §7.3. The data acquisition and control infrastructures are presented in §7.4. The results of the preliminary experiments conducted in order to validate the functioning of the FAST are reported and discussed in §7.5, while the conclusions of the work and an putlook to the future are presented in §7.6. 7.2 Fundamentals The first studies in the field of non-classical gas dynamics were conducted by Nobel-laureate Hans Bethe, in 1942 [6]. An early contribution is also due to Zeldovich [7] and Weyl [8]. Though, it was Thompson who first provided a systematic treatment in its seminal works [1, 9, 10]. A recent review can be found in Ref. [11]. A necessary condition for non-classical behaviour to be physically 178PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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