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Chapter 6 Location Latitude [o ] Wel, gross [MWE ] αREC [%] rec. max flux [kWT m−2 ] (helio. - tow. distance/HTOW )min [−] Ahelio [m2 ] N rad. zones [−] non SF land area [m2 ] N opt. levels (DREC , (H/D)REC , HTOW ) [−] Design Variable DREC [m] (H/D)REC [m] HTOW [m] Daggett - CA 34.9 115 94 1000 0.75 144 12 182109 10 LB Longitude -116.8 ηPB [%] 40 ǫcoating [−] 88 (helio. - tow. distance/HTOW )max [−] 12 image error [mrad] 1.53 N azim. zones [−] 12 SF land area multiplier [−] 1.3 UB Common parameters 8 30 0.5 2.5 100 300 Table 2: Design parameters and variables used within the radially-staggered solar field layout optimization, with relative lower (LB) and upper (UB) bounds. Several quantities appeared in Tab. 6.1, and are reported here for the sake of clarity. For all the three design variables, the defined range of variation is discretized into 10 points. These data are common to all the solar fields designed in this work. optimization levels (see “N opt. levels”). The most critical step is the evaluation of the flux distribution on the receiver surface as a function of solar position, which DELSOL3 calculates based on sophisticated aiming techniques. This infor- mation allows to iterate on the system design, accounting for the maximum flux levels the receiver can withstand, until an optimum layout is determined. The results regarding the geometry of the solar power harvesting system are reported in Tab. 3. The radial step indicates the distance among two subsequent heliostats rows, and it is assumed constant within each field. It can be noted that the relation between the area ASF and the SM value is not linear, reflecting the decrease of the optical performance as the solar field size grows. As detailed in [25], DELSOL3 outputs also a 2D matrix reporting the field optical efficiency appearing in Eq. 6.1, and defined as ηopt(t,loc, SF) = (FREC AREC) (DNI Ahelio Nhelio)−1 , (17) where FREC [kWT m−2 ] is the average flux incident on the receiver at the given time, and AREC [m2 ] is the receiver surface. In other words, the total radiation incident on the receiver is divided by the total radiation incident on the heliostat field mirrors for a given solar position. This last bit of information is fully specified in terms of Azimuth and Zenith angles which, in turn, can be calculated for the given time of the year (t) and the plant location (loc) by means of standard methods, see, e.g., [28]. The values of ηopt, calculated for the fields whose geometry is defined by the data in Tab. 3, are reported in Tab. 4. 164PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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