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Variable P6 [bar] ∆Trec [oC] ∆TOTB [oC] T11 [oC] DOTB,in [mm] tOTB [mm] lOTB [m] uexh [m s-1] Drec,in [mm] trec [mm] lrec [m] prec [-] lrec,b [%] Max Min 38.3 24.1 23.0 22.1 58.7 43.0 AMA RSD [%] 34.3 15.0 22.6 1.0 52.0 12.6 Energy Systems Design Accounting for Dynamic Performance 5.5 Results and Discussion 5.5.1 Multi-objective Design Optimization Table 5.5 lists the results of the multi-objective optimization procedure applied to the test case. The arithmetic mean average (AMA), the percentage relative standard deviation (RSD), and the minimum and maximum values of the optimized variables are reported. A low RSD means that the variable does not change significantly with the optimal configurations of the ORC unit. The pinch point, the tube diameter and the tube pitch of the recuperator present the lowest RSDs. As a practical implication, table 5.5 provides the designer with the optimal geometry of the heat transfer equipment; the closest available standardized values can then be selected for the design of the actual equipment. Figure 5.8a shows the two-dimensional Pareto front which relates the net power output of the ORC module with the sum of the volumes of the once-through boiler and of the recuperator. The Pareto front is formed by 70 optimal solutions, ranging from a net ORC power of 3.9 MWE up to 5.8 MWE. The trend of the volume vs. the net power output is approximately hyperbolic. The total net power output and the thermal efficiency of the combined cycle unit range from 20.4 MWE to 22.3 MWE and from 38.7% to 42.2%. Due to space constraints on the Draugen platform, design points with a volume higher than 100 m3 are discarded from the Pareto front (triangular dots in Fig. 5.8a). Table 5.5: Results of the multi-objective optimization. Maximum, minimum, arithmetic mean average, and relative standard deviation of the optimized variables. The values are relative to the 70 points of the Pareto front. 158.6 142.7 148.1 4.2 47.0 23.5 29.9 18.8 3.0 1.9 2.2 11.6 6.8 5.7 6.4 5.6 64.2 55.6 62.5 3.5 18.7 16.6 17.9 1.7 3.0 2.2 2.5 7.7 4.3 3.8 4.0 3.8 1.29 1.19 1.27 2.1 80.1 68.1 76.9 4.6 139PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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