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Nomenclature s, p T,h u, ρ v, q V, m heq,st = spec. entropy [kJ kg−1 K−1], pressure [bar] = temperature [◦ C], spec. enthalpy [kJ kg−1 ] = spec. int. energy [kJ kg−1 ], density [kg m−3 ] = spec.volume [m3 kg−1 ], vapour quality [kg sv = volume [m3 ], mass [kg] = equivalent hours of storage kg−1 ] tot Greek symbols θinc = ξturn = ηopt,p = ηs = ηSF,glob = ηSYS,glob = ωc = incidence angle [◦ ] TES turnaround efficiency peak opt. efficiency isoentropic efficiency global solar field efficiency global (i.e. solar-to-electric) system efficiency crossover frequency Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Powered ORC Engines dynamic conditions at the outlet. More specifically, the pressure loss across the valve is implicitly determined by the following equation in the model: hvs(pd) = hc, i.e., by assuming an isoenthalpic transformation such that the outlet conditions correspond to saturated steam (hvs(p) is the dew-point specific enthalpy as a function of pressure). ORC POWER BLOCK The turbogenerator model is implemented connecting the ChockTurb model [71], and the ElecGen model from ThermoPower. ChockTurb models a supersonic turbine as a de Laval nozzle, assumed to be chocked in all operating conditions. The result of the design calculation is the critical nozzle area (where sonic conditions occur) and, for off-design conditions, the relation between mass flow and inlet pressure is implemented (considering the expansion as isentropic). ElecGen only models the electrical generator, without accounting for any dynamics. Both the turbine isentropic efficiency, and the generator electro-mechanical efficiency, are considered constant. The PlateHXC component models a counter−current plate heat exchanger: it is implemented connecting different sub−models from [62]: two Flow1D components, representing the fluid flow in the two sides of the exchanger, two ConvHT components modelling the convective heat transfer between the two streams and the interposed metal wall, and a MetalWall component modelling the heat conduction and the storage of energy in the metal parts. The DryCond component models a condenser with ideal pressure control and negligible sub- cooling. This prescribes both the pressure and temperature on the main pump side, and the pressure at the regenerator side. The pump of the ORC power block is equivalent to that of the solar field, previously described. In this case however, the circulating mass flow rate imposed to the pump is determined by the ChockTurb model. The complete dynamic model of the ORC power block has been validated by comparison to transient data collected during a recent experimental campaign [61]. 113PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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