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Chapter 4 D6 D4 Fluid ηSYS,glob TR,c Tc [oC] pc [bar] pcond [bar] VRturb EEED [kWhE m−3 ] ST mfluid [kg kWh−1 ] E 0.178 0.178 0.895 0.998 333.6 312.7 6.3 14.2 0.002 0.035 954 246 8.2 6.2 66 74 Table 4: Main information needed to compare solar ORC power systems with thermal storage operating according to the flashing cycle, in case siloxane D6 and D4 are considered as the working fluids. A.2 Complete Flash Evaporation as a Working Condi- tion for ORC Power Systems The analysis of the performance of a flashing ORC, see fig. 6b, as a function of the flashing con- ditions is presented in this section. Only the results for working fluid D4 are reported, since they are representative of all the other investigated systems featuring siloxanes as working fluid. The system performance is evaluated according to the procedure and the parameters defined in A.1; in this case, however, no simplifying assumption based on the absence of liquid drains can be applied (see eq. 3 and 4): the liquid drains from the flashing vessel have to be compressed and circulated back to the heat source, see figure 6b. This stream is supposed to merge with the main one in the solar field, such that temperature equality between the flows is ensured, while the vapor is delivered to the ORC turbogenerator. Figure 9a and 9b show the trends of the quantities of interest as a function of the flashing tem- perature Tflash = Td, and the corresponding vapour pressure pflash = pd. Each curve corresponds to a given maximum temperature which, as discussed in A.1, can also be seen as the storage temperature Tmax ≡ Tc = TST; the storage pressure is assigned a value of 1 bar higher than the corresponding vapor pressure (pmax ≡ pc = pST). For each value of Tmax, the value of Td whereby complete flash- ing evaporation is reached (Td for which qd = 1) is also plotted (flash evaporation is considered as an isenthalpic process). Figure 9a shows how, for each maximum temperature Tmax , the system efficiency ηSYS,glob initially grows for decreasing Td until it reaches a relative maximum (ηSYS,glob,max): this is a conse- quence of the total mass flow which need to be circulated, see fig. 9b, and the corresponding power consumption of the auxiliary components. As it is characteristic of CSP power systems, the thermal efficiency of the solar field ηSF,glob is a decreasing function of the temperature of the fluid flowing in the collector. Since the value of ηSYS,glob includes this effect, lower storage temperature (and pressure) levels lead to comparatively higher values of ηSF,glob; such an effect, however, does not counterbalance the concurrent decrease of ηORC. 110PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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