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Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Powered ORC Engines due to deterioration of the stratification [58] are thus neglected. Such simplifications are typically justified for daily charge-discharge cycles, that is for relatively short standstill times. The EEED 10 8 6 4 2 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 T =T [-] c,R st,R D 6 D 4 MDM Properties at EEED=EEED MAX o Fluid T [-]T[C] p[bar] c,R c c 0.895 333.5 6.3 0.938 293.8 11.0 D D MDM 0.895 276.2 12.3 6 4 Figure 8: Comparison between flashing organic Rankine cycles for different working fluids. Throttling down to saturated vapour conditions is assumed. Equivalent electric energy density EEED as a function of maximum cycle reduced temperature TR,max. reaches a maximum value for all the working fluids considered here. This maximum value does not correspond to the maximum storage temperature; furthermore, the EEED line is quite flat in the region where the maximum is reached. The differences among fluids are comparatively large, as well as the conditions of the stored fluid in terms of pressure and temperature. In absolute terms, the reached values of EEED, of the order of 10 kWhE m−3, are around half of what is typically ST achieved with the storage of diathermic oils [32, 59] but, as anticipated, no additional filling material is considered in this study. In order to summarize these results, table 4 reports the main values obtained with the simula- tions that are needed to select the working fluid, if D6 and D4 are considered. Only these fluids are evaluated here since they allow for higher ηSYS,glob values. The comparison is then carried on, aim- ing at the same value of ηSYS,glob, which is taken equal to the maximum value reached in case D4 is the working fluid. Storing D6 at higher temperature is not considered here given the corresponding extremely high values of VRturb, though it allows for the higher values of ηSYS,glob (up to 0.185). As expected, the two working fluids allow attaining the same efficiency at almost the same value of Tc, which however corresponds to a storage pressure pc 2.2 times larger in case D4 is the working fluid. On the other hand, the condensing pressure in case D6 is the working fluid is 16 times lower. Its very low value constitutes a design criticality for the condenser and the turbine. The volumetric expansion ratio of the turbine, for instance, is almost 4 times larger in case D6 is the working fluid, whereby the inlet volumetric flows are similar. The value of EEED is nonetheless 25% lower if D4 is the working fluid, and the corresponding specific mass of fluid is 12% larger: these effects, combined with the higher pressure needed, would make D6 the preferred working fluid if only the benefits for the thermal storage are considered. 109 EEED[kWh m ] E stored -3PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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