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Chapter 4 A.1 Comparison Between Flashing and Evaporative Or- ganic Rankine Cycles This section presents the thermodynamic evaluation of the steady-state evaporative (EC) and flash- ing (FC) cycle configurations, as introduced in sec. 4.5. The effect of different working fluids is also addressed. The general design data, common to all the modeled ORC systems, are those reported in table 4.2, and figure 6 shows the conceptual plant layouts of the considered systems. The working principle is the same described in sec. 4.5, whereby the ORC power block shown in fig. 4.4a has been lumped here into a single component, and no storage system is considered. The thermody- Solar field (SF) g ORC plant Solar field (SF) c Flash system ORC plant m ̇ d m ̇ v a p b dvs dls Pflash d’ls m ̇ l i q PSF PSF b (a) EC b’ b’ (b) FC Figure 6: (a) simplified plant layouts of ORC power systems working according to the conven- tional evaporative cycle, and (b) single-stage flash cycle. State points correspond to those in the T –s chart of fig. 4.1a. namic evaluation is carried on by varying the maximum temperature of the cycle, which is kept the same, i.e., Tmax ≡ Tc = Tg. It is further assumed that: 1. IntheECtheworkingfluidexitsfromthethermalenergysource(thesolarfield)assaturated vapor at Tmax, i.e., state point g in fig. 6a; 2. IntheFCtheworkingfluidexitsfromthethermalsource(c)inthestateofsaturatedliquid at Tmax, and then undergoes the flashing process. It is assumed here that the flash evapo- ration leads to saturated vapor conditions at the outlet of the flashing subsystem (process c → d, where qd = 1): a critical assessment of this assumption is presented in A.2. As a consequence, no liquid drains from the flash vessel have to be recirculated (m ̇ liq = 0). From these assumptions follows that, for each value of Tmax, all the state points defining the two thermodynamic cycles can be determined for a given working fluid. Note that the condensation temperature Tcond is fixed and specified. The results of the steady state simulations, performed with an in-house code implemented in a well-known language for technical computing [56], are presented in figures 7 and 8. The main term of comparison is the global system efficiency ηSYS,glob, i.e. the solar-to-electric efficiency, defined as 106 ηSYS,glob ≡ ηORC · ηSF,glob, (1)PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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