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Chapter 4 Table 4.3: Thermodynamic properties of the state points of the ORC system. State labels refers to the layout of fig. 4.4a and to the T–s diagram of figure 4.1a. States 1 and 2 refer to the cooling air stream. state T p v h s q [oC] [bar] 80.0 0.04 205.6 14.20 312.7 14.20 283.2 8.49 234.9 0.06 87.6 0.04 30.0 1.01 67.0 1.01 [m3 kg-1] 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.011 2.489 2.551 0.880 1.052 [kJ kg-1] are typically justified for daily charge-discharge cycles (relatively short standstill times). A recently designed displacement storage system using synthetic oil as HTF, and proposed as an add-on to the APS Saguaro ORC-based CSP plant [15], reaches the value of approximately 15 [kWhE m-3 ] [59]. ST The lower value calculated for the proposed system is mainly due to the low specific work extracted from the turbine, which causes the fluid to be injected back in the storage vessel at high temperature (Tb ≡ TORC,out). 4.5.5 Dynamic Modelling In order to study the dynamic performance of the plant and its control system, a modular dynamic model has been developed using the Modelica object-oriented modelling language [60]. The mod- els of the ORC plant components have been taken from the recently developed ORC library [61], which is in turn based on the ThermoPower library [62, 63], while the models for the TES system and for the solar field were developed specifically for this work, possibly in combination with ex- isting library models (as in the case of the solar collectors). The momentum equation is always implemented in the stationary form, being the propagation of pressure disturbances much faster than the process of mass and energy transport. Pressure and specific enthalpy are selected as state variables, and all closure equations (pressure loss, heat transfer models, and fluid properties) are ex- pressed as a function of (p, h). All the needed fluid properties (and their derivatives) are computed with the ExternalMedia library [64] coupled to Fluidprop [21]. The dynamic models of the system components, as shown in figure 4.4a, are shortly described in A.3. 4.5.6 Control Strategy As mentioned in §4.5.5, the models of a few components in the system implicitly account for ideal control of some local quantity by appropriate means, as detailed in A.3. The solar field pump model incorporates an ideal mass flow controller (e.g., by acting on the pump rotational speed or on a throttling valve), while the component modelling the flashing valve an ideal controller of the outlet 102 [kJ kg-1 k-1] -0.43 0.12 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.07 0.0 - - 37.2 - - [kgsv kg-1 ] tot a b c d e f 1 2 -172.6 59.1 291.8 291.8 233.6 4.5 0 - - 1 - -PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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