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Centrifugal Turbines for ORC Applications successfully introduced in the market. Summarizing: Figure 3.1: Centrifugal turbine schematic, adapted from [32] 1. ThelowspecificexpansionworktypicalofORCfluidsallowstoi)adoptthestator-rotorar- rangement (radial sequence of stators and rotors), and ii) maintain a relatively low peripheral speed, which is typically well below the mechanical stress limit. 2. The peripheral speed of the blades does not change along the blade span, and no radial equilibrium establishes in the span-wise direction [16]. This results in a design and man- ufacturing simplification, since the velocity diagrams can be chosen such that the reaction degree and work coefficient at midspan are optimal. These conditions are maintained all along the span of the (untwisted) blades. Notably, a mean-line method is thus expected to yield more accurate predictions in this case. 3. The relatively small temperature variation across an ORC turbine, typically of the order of 100 oC), makes the thermal gradient acting on adjacent blade rows far less critical than in steam machines; as a result, all blade rows can be installed as well as machined on the same disk. 4. Fulladmissioninletstagescanbeadopted:thefirstrows,characterizedbyalowvolumetric flow rate, can be placed where the rotor diameter is smaller, thus allowing for comparatively larger blade height. The simplicity of the multi-stage assembly allows to maintain tight clearance between moving parts, thus reducing leakages. In addition, disc-friction losses are comparatively low. Notably, these last aspects regard loss mechanisms which are particularly severe for small turbines[2, 9, 27]. 3.4 Analysis of the Centrifugal Architecture An in-depth analysis of the specific features of centrifugal turbines is performed here, following Ref. [12]. The aim of the treatment is, starting from the design procedures proposed in the literature, 3 ROTOR STATOR and CASE 1 1 VAPOR INLET 2 VAPOR INLET (THRUST BALANCING) 3 VAPOR OUTLET 2 63PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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