PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 070
Centrifugal Turbines for ORC Applications acterized by high molecular weight, make available cost-effective solutions for the turbo-expander [1–4]. The specific enthalpy drop along the turbine expansion line is inversely proportional to the molecular weight of the fluid. This determines two main advantages in case of organic fluids: pri- marily the relatively small specific work can be disposed in a low number of stages; secondarily, for a target power output, a relatively large mass flow rate is required, resulting in an enlarged size of small-capacity ORC turbines with respect to steam units [2]. On the other hand, the low number of stages leads to high expansion ratios per stage; this, combined with the low speed of sound, leads to the widespread application of transonic and supersonic turbines in ORC systems. As a result, highly dissipative systems of shock waves are commonly found in these machines, complicating their design and the performance of the whole system, particularly during part-load operations [5, 6]. Moreover, part of the expansion process usually occurs in close proximity of the saturated vapour curve, or even close to the critical point. In such thermodynamic conditions com- plex equations of state are necessary to accurately describe the working fluid behaviour. This design scenario is further complicated by the lack, in the open literature, of experimental data regarding flows of organic fluids [7, 8], specially in the thermodynamic region of interest. The most successful commercial applications of ORC power plants have been deployed in the power size ranging from hundreds of kWE up to approximately 5 MWE, and these systems represent now the state of the art of the ORC technology. Nonetheless, since the first examples of implementation, the ORC technology proved suitable for the conversion of thermal energy into electricity for very low power capacity, down to few kWE [1, 2, 9]. These small systems are often referred to as mini-ORC (mORC) power plants, and many researchers are still investigating the development of mORC modules, see e.g. Ref. [10] Furthermore, depending on the application, i.e. mainly the temperature levels of the thermal source and of the rejection sink, different working fluids are available in order to better suit the (often conflicting) design requirements [1–4]. Concluding, the potentially infinite variety of power-output and adopted working fluids, to- gether with the thermo- and fluid-dynamic operating conditions typically encountered, make the design of efficient ORC turbines a challenging topic. Furthermore, simplified design methods based on statistical information on similar existing machines are not yet available. Relevant paths of de- velopment may be concerned with the development of generalized design methodologies, and the assessment of non-conventional machine architectures: this chapter explores both. The original in-house mean-line code zTurbo, developed to perform the preliminary design of ORC turbines, is described in §3.2. The concept of centrifugal turbine, and its application to ORC power modules are discussed in §3.3. An in-depth analysis of the specific features of centrifugal turbines is thus performed and, in §3.4, it is shown how the relation between the design assumptions and the resulting machine features differs from the axial arrangement. A novel and general methodological framework is developed and presented, which may be of support to the designer of radial-outflow turbines of any power output. The design of several exemplary centrifugal machines is thus pre- sented. Comparably large size centrifugal machines, i.e. in the MWE power-output range, are dealth with in §3.5, following the work on the same topic published in Ref. [11]. Similarly, §3.6 investi- gates in detail the down-scaling potential of the radial-outflow turbine architecture, considering its implementation in the 10 kWE power-output range, following the work on the same topic published in Ref. [12]. 59PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
PDF Search Title:
New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power SystemsOriginal File Name Searched:
PhDTesis_ECasati.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)