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at exploring both. The first critical evaluation of the centrifugal or radial-outflow turbine (ROT) architecture as a candidate technology for ORC turbo-generators is presented, together with a novel methodological framework for the design of these machines. The developed tools can be of help for the designer of ROT machines, for virtually any power-output. The first part of the chapter deals with the design of comparably large size turbines, i.e. in the MWE power output range, which is the power output typical of present industrial applications. The second part of the chapter is devoted to the assessment of the down-scaling potential of the ROT architecture, considering its implementation in the promising field of mini-ORC turbo-generators, i.e., systems with power output of the order of 10 kWE. The results show that the radial-outflow turbine is a promising concept for future ORC power systems, since it allows for the realization of efficient, compact, and reliable turbo-expanders in the investi- gated power-output range. Chapter 4 deals with the assessment of a novel thermal storage system tailored to high-temperature ORC systems for concentrating solar power (CSP) applica- tions, stemming from the observation that the direct storage of the ORC working fluids can be effective thanks to their favourable thermodynamic properties. The feasibility of energy storage is of paramount importance for solar power systems, to the point that it can be the technology enabler. The interest for highly effi- cient and modular concentrated solar power plants of small to medium capacity (5 kWE−5 MWE) is growing: ORC power systems stand out in terms of efficiency, reliability and cost-effectiveness in such power-range. The concept of complete flashing cycle (CFC) is introduced as a mean of achieving an unmatched system layout simplification, while preserving conver- sion efficiency. This is a new variant of the Rankine cycle, originally introduced by the presented research, whereby the vapour is produced by throttling the or- ganic working fluid from liquid to saturated vapour conditions. The discussion of a case study follows: a 100 kWE CFC turbo-generator with direct thermal energy storage, coupled with state-of-the-art parabolic trough col- lectors. A dynamic model, developed for the complete system, is used to inves- tigate the performance under extreme transient conditions. By adopting a rela- tively simple and robust control strategy, the storage system is demonstrated to be effective in decoupling the solar field and the ORC power block, which can thus be operated close to nominal conditions notwithstanding the environmental disturbances. The feasibility of remotely controlled operation is thus positively assessed by means of this preliminary study. Introduction 5PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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