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3.6.6 INTER-REGIONAL TRADE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOMASS SUPPLIES FOR FUTURE BIOENERGY PLANTS IN MASSACHUSETTS Understanding potential wood biomass supplies in the counties that surround Massachusetts is critically important in estimating biomass availability for bioenergy plants that may get built in Massachusetts. But where will this wood be consumed? It is crucial to consider future demand outside of Massachusetts and possibilities for biomass trade. Biomass produced in the border counties could stay within its home zone for local use, it could flow between sub-regions (from New Hampshire to Vermont, for example), it could flow to the northern areas, or it could flow to Massachusetts. Likewise, wood in Massachusetts is not limited to home use; in fact, with few outlets for wood biomass in Massachusetts currently, biomass chips are now being shipped to bioenergy facilities in New Hampshire. 3.6.6.1 Historical Wood Products Trade Recent patterns in wood products trade in this region provide some perspective on trade possibilities. Data available on wood trade for New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, and New York show that the four-state region is a net importer of wood, purchasing 195,000 green tons in 2005. (We caution that the data are for only one year and they do not indicate specifically what is happening with Massachusetts.) Data for Vermont (Northeast State Foresters Association, 2007b) indicate that Vermont consumed about 400,000 green tons of biomass chips in 2005. Of this total, about 300,000 green tons were imported from other states, while at the same time, Vermont exported 75,000 green tons; thus, net imports were just over half of wood chip consumption. Based on the limited data that we have on Massachusetts wood trade, it appears that trade between Massachusetts and Vermont has been one-directional, with Massachusetts exporting a small volume of sawlogs to mills in Vermont. Exhibit 3-22: Wood Trade Among Northeast States, 2005 (000 green tons; does not include international trade) 3.6.6.2 Potential Future Trade in Forest Biomass Fuel One of the advantages of Massachusetts size and shape is that it has access to a large horseshoe of wood as part of its timbershed. However, it is important to recognize that an even larger horseshoe envelops this timbershed, which means that wood available from that area may provide incentives to build bioenergy facilities in the border region, or that wood could flow from Massachusetts to feed plants in that area. Exhibit 3-23 provides a list of facilities that—if built—might potentially compete for the same wood that could provide feedstock to proposed plants in Massachusetts. Plans and proposals change frequently and this list is intended only to be suggestive of some of the facilities—and their size— that are now under consideration in this region. This list does not include facilities that are located overseas, but there is always the possibility that biomass produced in this region could be directed to export markets. Exhibit 3-23: Proposed Bioenergy Plants that Could Influ- ence Biomass Availability for Massachusetts (Wood Use in Green Tons per Year) BIOMASS SUSTAINABILITY AND CARBON POLICY STUDY Import 353 Export 820 Net Imports -468 -123 753 33 195 State Company MA Russell Biomass Greenfield Biomass Tamarack Energy Palmer Renewable NH Clean Power Development Clean Power Development Alexandria Power Greenova Wood Pellets Laidlaw Energy VT Vermont Biomass Energy Brattleboro District Heat CT Decker International Tamarack Energy Location Russell Greenfield Pittsfield Springfield Berlin Winchester Alexandria Berlin Berlin Island Pond Brattleboro Plainfield Watertown Size Wood Use 50MW 550,000 50MW 550,000 30MW 350,000 30MW *235,000 29MW, 340,000 CHP 15MW 150,000 16MW 200,000 (re-start) pellets 400,000 40 MW 400,000 pellets 200,000 30MW 400,000 30MW 400,000 New Hampshire Notes: * plan calls for construction and demolition debris as feedstock. Two important strategic issues in siting large-scale bioenergy facilities are relevant to this discussion. One is that transporta- tion costs are a significant component of delivered biomass costs and so the location of new facilities should be optimized so that they have access to the most wood within short distances. Thus, plants should be built where there are ample supplies of wood in the “home” area. This could be analyzed with mathematical optimization models, but the results would probably be of little use due to the large number of other factors that affect plant location, many of which are specific to individual locations and facilities. Vermont 508 630 Maine 1,115 363 New York 838 805 TOTAL 2,813 2,618 Source: Northeast State Foresters Association, 2007a. Original data in cords; converted to green tons assuming 2.5 green tons per cord. MANOMET CENTER FOR CONSERVATION SCIENCES 60 NATURAL CAPITAL INITIATIVEPDF Image | NATURAL CAPITAL INITIATIVE AT MANOMET
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