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We have assembled planned harvest data by public agency for 2001−2009 in several tables that follow. Exhibit 3-14 provides annual averages of the number of acres to be harvested, along with timber harvests of sawtimber (MBF, International 1⁄4" rule), pulpwood (cords), and fuelwood (tons).46 During this nine-year period, state lands accounted for an annual average of 3,092 acres, or 79% of the public area to be harvested. City and town lands accounted for 811 acres per year, or 21% of the total. The “Other” category was less than 1% of the total and consists of occasional harvests by the University of Massachusetts and the Army Corps of Engineers. Exhibit 3-14: Summary of Forest Cutting Plans for Public Lands in Massachusetts Area and Volumes, Annual Averages, 2001−2009 Per-acre harvest rates have all been converted to a green ton basis in Exhibit 3-16. Excluding the “Other” group, sawtimber harvests average 17 green tons per acre, while the total harvest per acre ranges from 25-to-30 green tons. Thus, sawtimber has accounted for 56% to 67% of the wood harvested from public lands. Exhibit 3-16: Summary of Forest Cutting Plans for Public Lands in Massachusetts Harvest in Green Tons per Acre, Annual Averages, 2001−2009 BIOMASS SUSTAINABILITY AND CARBON POLICY STUDY DCR, State Parks & Recreation DCR, Water Supply Protection Fisheries & Wildlife Cities & Towns Acres MBF 1,490 4,884 1,454 4,873 148 465 811 2,789 Cords 4,030 5,069 502 2,033 75 11,709 Tons 2,470 6,766 450 1,804 388 11,877 DCR, State Parks & Recreation DCR, Water Supply Protection Fisheries & Wildlife Sawtimber Pulpwood Fuelwood Total 16 7 2 25 17 9 5 30 16 9 3 27 Other 30 Total Public Lands 3,933 137 13,148 Cities&Towns 17 6 2 26 Other 2361342 Average, All 17 7 3 27 Public Lands 3.3.2 TIMBER HARVEST PROJECTIONS FOR 2010— 2025 As with timber harvest projections for private lands, historical trends provide the starting point for this assessment. Our next step was to review the 15-year Forest Resource Management Plans for state forests, several of which have already been approved. Finally, we contacted representatives from each of the three main state divisions—State Parks & Recreation, Water Supply Protection, and Fisheries and Wildlife—to review historical cutting levels and discuss their expectations for harvests in the future. On the basis of our review and discussions, it appears that historical averages for 2001−2009 probably provide the best estimate of acres to be treated and timber harvest volumes over the next 15 years. Information from some of the individual Forest Plans suggest that acres and harvests could be higher than we have observed histori- cally, but it seems more likely that there will be some downward adjustments to reflect the recommendations of the Forest Futures Visioning Process (2010). There will, no doubt, be other adjust- ments to harvest areas and to harvest intensity and silvicultural treatments, but we do not anticipate that these will be significant enough to alter our assessment of future biomass potential. With regard to the issue of biomass harvesting, there are at least two key factors that distinguish our analysis of potential supplies from private versus public lands. First, private landowners have the flexibility to be much more responsive to market forces and can adjust the acreages they choose to harvest as well as their silvicultural treatments. In contrast, public lands are subject to a wider array of objectives and planning issues and it is more difficult for these plans to be modified in response to changes in market demand and prices. Second, the harvest of tops and limbs will not Harvest rates on a per-acre basis are presented in Exhibit 3-15. Among the major groups, the harvest intensity for sawtimber was very consistent, ranging from 3.2-to-3.4 MBF per acre; these compare with harvest rates of 2.0 MBF per acre on private lands. “Pulpwood” harvests averaged 3.0 cords per acre and “fuelwood” harvests averaged 2.9 green tons per acre. Exhibit 3-15: Summary of Forest Cutting Plans for Public Lands in Massachusetts Harvest per Acre, Annual Averages, 2001−2009 DCR, State Parks & Recreation DCR, Water Supply Protection Fisheries & Wildlife Cities & Towns Other Average, All Public Lands MBF Cords Tons 3.3 2.7 1.7 3.4 3.5 4.7 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.4 2.5 2.2 4.5 2.5 12.8 3.3 3.0 3.0 46 As noted earlier, “pulpwood” is sometimes referred to as “cordwood” and likely contains a combination of wood that will be shipped to pulp mills and processed for fuelwood. Fuelwood includes both residential fuelwood that will be cut and split and wood that will be processed into biomass chips. MANOMET CENTER FOR CONSERVATION SCIENCES 52 NATURAL CAPITAL INITIATIVEPDF Image | NATURAL CAPITAL INITIATIVE AT MANOMET
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