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Exhibit 2-10: (below) Maximum Price at which Biomass is Affordable for Each Biomass-Related Technology Pathway13 BIOMASS SUSTAINABILITY AND CARBON POLICY STUDY 2.6.4 AFFORDABLE COST FOR BIOMASS SOURCE MATERIAL Finally, for the purposes of conducting sensitivity analyses of the demand for forest products and how demand might affect cost paid for biomass, and how, in turn, that affects harvesting methods, intensity and options, we have looked at what the maximum afford- able price is for each pathway to pay for biomass from the forests. The following Exhibits 2-10 and 2-11 illustrate these prices. The maximum affordable price for power generation has been calculated based on the wholesale price of 12.5 cents per kWh including REC benefits, the cost of biomass fuel as 33 percent of sale price, higher heating value of wood chips as 17 MMBtu/ton, and moisture content of wood chips as 40 percent. The maximum affordable price for thermal applications has been calculated based on the price of #2 oil as $3 per gallon, higher heating value of 138,000 Btu/gallon, combustion efficiency of 80 percent for oil boiler, affordable price of wood chips as percent of price of oil on $/ MMBtu basis as 50 percent and the combustion efficiency of wood chips boiler as 75 percent. The maximum affordable price of wood pellets for thermal energy has been calculated based on e f wood pellets with six percent moisture content as percent of price of oil on $/MMBtu basis as 75 percent and the combustion efficiency of wood pellet boiler at 80 percent. The maximum affordable price of wood chips for manufacturing wood pellets have been calculated based on maximum affordable price of wood pellets for thermal energy at $261 per ton, efficiency of conversion of wood chips to wood pellets as 85 percent, requirements of wood chips per ton of wood pellets as 1.575 tons, and the affordable price of wood chips as 60 percent of the price of wood pellets. The maximum afford- able price for other technology pathways has been estimated in proportion of the net efficiencies for the products. The maximum affordable price is important as the price one is willing and able to pay for biomass determines the type of equip- ment and treatments that can be applied to the forest, and which uses may get preference over others with respect to biomass product. Higher affordable prices may enable better management, landowner commitment to sustainable forestry, and enhancement of logging infrastructure and methods. The pathways constraining the elec- tricity related biomass prices are based on an electricity wholesale price of 12.5 cents/ kWh, which assumes a wholesale price to the grid plus any value of REC’s. Thermal applications are based on a $3.00 per gallon oil equivalent. Obviously, if the price of either goes up, then the ability to pay more for biomass (and still have the project “break even”) goes up as well. All of the assumptions for this and the other analyses are shown in the attached Appendix 2-C. Exhibit 2-10: (below) Maximum Price at which Biomass is Affordable for Each Biomass-Related Technology Pathway10 10 Graph information is derived from Appendix 2-B. See that appendix for data and sources. Methodology for calculations is presented in Section 2.6.4. MANOMET CENTER FOR CONSERVATION SCIENCES 28 NATURAL CAPITAL INITIATIVEPDF Image | NATURAL CAPITAL INITIATIVE AT MANOMET
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