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Exhibit 2-8: Graph of CO2 Emissions of 18 Technology Pathways11 BIOMASS SUSTAINABILITY AND CARBON POLICY STUDY 2.6.3 CARBONIMPACTS The CO2 emissions from each of the pathways vary depending on the fuel and the efficiency of the product made. Generally, the CO2 emissions expressed as “input” energy reflect the fuel the process is based on, and the CO2 emissions based on “output” energy reflect the efficiency of the biomass-product conversion, be that electricity, thermal, or fuel. Exhibits 2-8 and 2-9 on the following pages reflect the different pathways from least CO2 emissions based on energy output to the most emitting pathways. As with the efficiency discussion, it is very important to note this is not a life-cycle analysis of these technology pathways. The carbon aspects of mining coal, harvesting biomass, or drilling and transporting natural gas or oil are not shown here. Nor, except for the electricity and thermal applications, are the emissions of the ultimate use accounted for—that is, the fuels combusted will further release CO2 associated with that product. While full carbon life-cycle accounting for all pathways is beyond the scope of this work, lifecycle estimates of carbon emissions for the technological options considered in Chapter 6 are provided there. Exhibit 2-8: (above) Graph of CO2 Emissions of 18 Technology Pathways8 Exhibit 2-9: (next page) Chart of CO2 Emissions of 18 Tech- nology Pathways9 8 Graph information is derived from Appendix 2-B. See that Appendix for data and sources. 9 Chart information is derived from Appendix 2-B. See that Appendix for sources. Exhibit 2-9: Chart of CO2 Emissions of 18 Technology Pathways12 MANOMET CENTER FOR CONSERVATION SCIENCES 27 NATURAL CAPITAL INITIATIVEPDF Image | NATURAL CAPITAL INITIATIVE AT MANOMET
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