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5.4 Direct applications Direct heat use and heat pump applications transfer the ground energy to spaces and facilities for use. Both uses are growing, however geothermal heat pump applications have experienced large growth rates in recent times and now dominate geothermal direct use statistics. In 2005, Lund, et al. reported that the installed capacity of direct geothermal utilization was 28,270 MWt and the energy use was 273,370 TJ/yr (75,900 GWh/yr) in about 72 countries. The top ten countries in terms of installed capacities and uses are shown in Table 3. See Appendix 1 for a listing of direct heat uses in a range of countries. Table 3 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 10 direct heat use countries. United States Sweden China Iceland Turkey Japan Hungary Italy Brazil New Zealand 7,817 31,239 3,840 36,000 3,687 45,373 1,844 24,500 1,495 24,840 822 10,301 694 7,940 607 7,554 360 6,622 308 7,086 8,678 Geothermal heat pumps 10,000 Geothermal heat pumps 12,605 Bathing 6,806 District heating 6,900 Bathing/Heating 2,862 Bathing 2,206 Bathing/Spas 2,206 Bathing/Spas 1,840 Bathing/Spas 1,968 Industrial 2010 Country Capacity, (MWt) Use, (TJ/yr) Use, (GWh/yr) Principal use The largest direct uses of geothermal energy in the world in 2005 in decreasing per annum energy use were geothermal heat pumps, bathing and swimming, space heating, greenhouse heating followed by other applications (Table 4). GNS Science Report 2010/20 38PDF Image | Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy
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