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The performance of a GSHP system depends on the efficiency of the heating and circulating pumps, the effectiveness of heat transfer in the ground. The coefficient of performance for a geothermal heat pump increases as the ground temperature increases. Figure 42 is a generic diagram providing indicative coefficients of performance for various heating system types. Commercial heat pump technologies are improving quite rapidly. As a result, heat pumps are becoming more competitive and popular choices for home-heating and cooling. Figure 42 Efficiency of various types of domestic heating systems. Ground source heat pumps should be designed seeking to attain a minimum coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.5. COPs in excess of 5 are achievable and a recent Bosch installation in the UK that is a hybrid system with a solar collector achieves a COP of 6.8. 5.3.2 Water heating Coupling GSHPs with vapour compression water heating has potential economic benefits supplementing or replacing conventional water-heating systems (electric resistance or fossil- fuel-fired water heaters). The three alternatives for combining GSHPs with vapour compression water heating are: 1. De-superheaters A relatively small refrigerant/water heat exchanger at the compressor outlet. It transfers excess heat from the compressed gas to a water line that circulates water to a building's hot water storage tank. Placing the de-superheater coil between the compressor outlet and reversing valve enables water heating when the GSHP is in either cooling or heating mode. 2. Dedicated heat pump water heaters These are heat pumps that are designed solely to heat water. They can be used with any type of building space heating and cooling system. 3. Multi-function, full-condensing water heating systems They incorporate separate refrigerant condensing coils that use a building's potable water loop as a latent heat sink, aside from the usual heat pump coils for space conditioning, which use the ground loop as a heat source or sink. These systems can operate in several modes: space cooling only, space cooling plus water heating, space heating only, and water heating only. 2010 GNS Science Report 2010/20 37PDF Image | Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy
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