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Anchors are used to secure the piping coils, preventing their movement and holding the coils, to allow good convective circulation of water around the piping. It also is recommended that the coils be submerged well below the pond surface to maintain adequate thermal mass at times of low-water conditions. Advantages of submerged closed loop systems • Require the least total pipe length. • Least expensive of all closed loop systems if a suitable water body is available. Disadvantages of submerged closed loop systems • May require more rigorous regulatory permitting than buried closed loop systems. Direct Exchange (DX) loop systems These systems do not use an intermediate working fluid or heat exchanger rather they employ closed loops of buried soft copper tubing to directly transfer heat between the ground and the refrigerant from the heat pump’s refrigerant loop (Figure 33). Figure 33 DX copper loop system (www.subterraenergysystems.com, accessed 14/09/10). By eliminating the intermediate heat exchanger, the refrigerant’s temperature is closer to the ground’s temperature, which lowers the heat pump’s required compression ratio, thereby reducing its size and energy consumption. DX ground loops can be installed in a horizontal trenched configuration (Figure 34) or a vertical U-tube configuration (Figure 35). 2010 GNS Science Report 2010/20 31PDF Image | Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy
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