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4.0 POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES The main technology for power generation using low-to-medium enthalpy geothermal energy resources (<180°C) is the binary cycle. This is a closed loop system where the geothermal fluid (either hot water, steam, or a mixture of the two) heats a secondary working fluid (isopentane, isobutane or refrigerant working fluid) that boils at a lower temperature than water. The two fluids are kept completely separate through the use of heat exchangers used to transfer heat energy from the geothermal side to the working fluid. When heated, the working fluid vaporizes into a gas and is expanded through the turbine to generate power. The vapour is then condensed and the liquid pumped back to repeat the cycle. The sections that follow discuss the technology identifying some of the equipment suppliers. 4.1 Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants These plants are based on heat being transferred to an organic working fluid (isopentane, isobutane, etc.) at a constant pressure, vaporized and expanded to drive a turbine-generator to produce electricity. The spent vapour is condensed to liquid and pumped back to the vaporizer to repeat the cycle. The major components of an ORC plant are: the evaporator (1), turbine (2), condenser (3), and feed pump (4) (Figure 4). Figure 4 Organic Rankine Cycle configuration. 2010 GNS Science Report 2010/20 5PDF Image | Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy
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