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Rather than pursuing a strategy that is increasingly reliant on fossil fuels or nuclear energy, the region should embrace the opportunity of decoupling its economy from GHG emissions. Countries should work with the sectors of their economies responsible for generating the greatest GHG emissions and set firm and enforceable reduction measures for them. Energy planning should: • be fully incorporated as a tool for decision-making • be based on reliable information about the projected energy prices (this is important because usually fossil fuels are subsidised in the region) • prioritise the most vulnerable rural areas of each country and promote energy equity • incorporate a gender approach that allows substantial improvements in the lives of women • promote low-carbon technologies • establish procedures to evaluate and consider the risks of instability and costs associated with the different technologies • perform in accordance with the countries’ National Climate Change Strategy, supporting the GHG emissions-reduction goals prioritised by sector • involve the participation and engagement of different stakeholders from the public, private and civil society sectors, in an environment open to debate • include the budget required for each goal, including possible funding sources. The development of an energy planning process based on the criteria described above will guide public and private authorities in the decision-making processes needed to improve access to clean low-carbon energy, and encourage energy savings and energy efficiency. e. Information and knowledge. There is a lack of information about the structure of energy demand; the supply of renewable energy; the features of renewable technologies; the renewable energy potential; and the direct and indirect benefits, such as increased productivity, positive impacts on the health of the population and improving living conditions. Information gaps hinder the implementation of energy projects in the region. For example, in Chile there are not enough measuring stations to produce detailed maps of solar and wind potential sources, while in Peru there is no information about communities without power services. Governments must generate detailed information on the topics listed above, implement systematic data collection, and promote processes of knowledge generation for decision-making. Relevant information concerning energy plans and action for low-carbon development should be published for dissemination among domestic, sub-national and private entities, and civil society. Governments could also incorporate useful information on legal, economic and political aspects related to renewable energies in order to establish a platform of knowledge and partnership between countries. f. Research and development. Research and development is essential to generate knowledge and develop and disseminate appropriate technology suitable for local conditions. Countries should increase their budgets for these purposes. For example, an initiative in Guatemala developed an improved cooking stove. Portable units were used instead of conventional fixed units. These units better suit the rural population’s needs. g. Training and awareness. Technical skills in renewable energy are limited in the region due to low market dynamism and lack of investment in research and development. The lack of technical expertise often undermines renewable energy projects. For example, a few years ago, Brazil started the the Programme for Energy Development of States and Municipalities 32 Low-Carbon Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evolution, experiences and challengesPDF Image | Low-Carbon Development in Latin America
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