PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 020
3.2. Low-carbon growth potential Low carbon economic development should prioritise the eradication of energy poverty and inequality, particularly in rural populations, focusing on the most vulnerable populations, taking a gender approach and considering the sustainability of the measures to be implemented. Mitigation measures are essential to make progress on low-carbon development. Countries should identify carbon-intensive activities and feasible mitigation measures for each identified sector. Mitigation measures should prioritise energy saving, through awareness campaigns in specific sectors to change consumption habits; efficiency measures to reduce consumption of primary or secondary sources of energy; use of renewable energy to replace energy from non-renewable sources; and using low-carbon fuels to replace carbon-intense fuels. An assessment should be made incorporating technical, economic, social and environmental aspects, in order to determine the cost of each of the measures and the potential emissions reductions. Typically the measures that allow greater emissions reduction are also cost effective. For example, Mexico is promoting energy efficiency initiatives in the public sector (eg changes of inefficient desktop computers), programmes to increase end-use energy efficiency (eg replacing inefficient bulbs or electronic appliances) and the development of capabilities at a user level (changes in energy-use habits), technical level (measurements) and at a professional level (assessment and implementation of measures). Mitigation measures will not be the same in all cases as they depend on local conditions. Countries must plan measures for the long term, engaging the relevant sectors. For example, in the case of Brazil, Bolivia and Peru, deforestation was identified as the main GHG source, which is why countries have taken action to reduce the loss of forests. But emissions from energy are also an increasing concern. The implementation of mitigation measures will require, in many cases, the establishment of subsidies, changes in laws and regulations, capacity building and technical studies, among other things. Furthermore, a monitoring and reporting system is required that integrates technical and economic factors as well as social and environmental impacts, improving all aspects as the project is implemented. 3.2.1. Low-carbon options Based on projected annual economic growth of approximately 3% for the coming decades,68 Latin America and the Caribbean will need to double the installed capacity for power generation up to 600 Gigawatts (GW) by 2050, at a cost of 430 billion dollars,69 when electricity demand will reach approximately 3.5 petawatt hours per year.70 As a result, under the current development model, emissions are expected to double.71 However, recent assessments show that the region has an untapped potential for renewable electricity generation of 78 PWh/yr and in terms of power 34 terawatts (TW).72 Even without considering hydropower, this is 22 times the demand required by 2050. The distribution of renewable energy potential for power generation is shown in the following table. Hydropower is estimated to have a potential of 800 GW,73 but considering the problems described above, its real potential must be much lower, as it depends on finding appropriate locations. Micro and small hydroelectric plants are an important solution to serve rural populations, as well as an option to improve energy distribution. These figures indicate that there are sufficient renewable resources from solar, wind, wave, geothermal and biomass to plan for low-carbon development. Yet energy efficiency measures and energy saving should be prioritised, in order to improve the region’s sustainability. A study by the International Renewable Energy Agency about the levelised cost of electricity (the cost of electricity over the lifetime of energy output) in Latin America and the Caribbean, shows that renewable systems are more cost effective (Figure 9). 20 Low-Carbon Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evolution, experiences and challengesPDF Image | Low-Carbon Development in Latin America
PDF Search Title:
Low-Carbon Development in Latin AmericaOriginal File Name Searched:
Low_carbon_development_LAC_November_2014.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)