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3.1 Available renewable energy sources Figure 8. Energy generation by source by country 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 The RES technologies most commonly used in the region are hydropower, followed by geothermal (primarily in Central America); meanwhile wind and solar generation remain marginal due to the lack of policies to develop renewable energy (see Figure 8).59 3.1.1. Hydropower Hydro is the main source of renewable energy in the region. Hydropower plants are responsible for more than 50% of current renewable power generation, with an installed capacity of approximately 153,192 MW (eleven times the Source: Latin American Energy Organisation (OLADE), 2012.58 Hydropower Power Turbo-Systems Turbo gas Diesel Geothermal Nuclear Wind and solar installed capacity of the world’s second largest hydroelectric power station, the Brazil/Paraguay Itaipu dam),60 spanning all scales and types of plant. Nevertheless, the majority of installed capacity is large-scale plants, as in the case of Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia and Paraguay. Despite the renewable nature of the source, most large-scale hydropower plants are responsible for a range of damaging environmental, social and economic impacts, such as: • generation of significant amounts of GHG, driven by the flooding of Amazon forests • impacts on the hydrological cycles of rivers and watersheds, increasing the likelihood of drought • displacement of rural people with scarce resources whose livelihoods and traditional ways of life depend on natural habitats • economic losses due to the costs involved in resettling people in new areas which may have lower productivity and be isolated from markets or public services. Low-Carbon Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evolution, experiences and challenges 17 Brazil Mexico Argentina Chile Colombia Paraguay Peru Cuba Other Contres Power generation (MW)PDF Image | Low-Carbon Development in Latin America
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