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8.2 BIOMASS-FIRED POWER GENERATION CAPITAL COSTS BY TECHNOLOGY The cost and efficiency of biomass power generation equipment varies significantly by technology. Equipment costs for an individual technology type can also vary, depending on the region, but also on the nature of the feedstock and how much feedstock preparation and handling is done onsite. The total investment cost – capital expenditure (CAPEX) – consists of the equipment (prime mover and fuel conversion system), fuel handling and preparation machinery, engineering and construction costs, and planning. The costs can also include grid connection, roads and any kind of new infrastructure or improvements to existing infrastructure required for the project. Figure 8.1 presents the range of capital costs for different technologies in OECD countries. 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 FIGURE 8.1: TOTAL INSTALLED CAPITAL COSTS OF BIOMASS-FIRED ELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES IN OECD COUNTRIES Note: Co‐firing is for the additional cost only. It excludes the cost of the coal‐fired power plant itself. BFB = bubbling fluidised bed, CFB = circulating fluidised bed and CHP = combined heat and power. SOURCE: IRENA, 2012. The costs of simple, mature technologies for biomass combustion in developing countries can be significantly lower than these ranges, as local content and the use of equipment that may not meet very stringent emissions regulations can reduce costs. For instance, manure and wastewater systems associated with electricity generation – 42 manure and 82 wastewater projects – have been installed in developing countries under the Clean Development Mechanism with capacities between 1 MW and 3 MW, with some incurring total capital costs as low as USD 500/kW, while others have cost as high as USD 5 000/kW. Figure 8.2 highlights the relatively low cost of biomass combustion technologies for projects in non‐OECD countries. Although small‐scale projects can have higher capital costs, the majority of larger projects have installed capital costs in the range of USD 600 to USD 1 400/kW. 68 Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2012: An Overview 2011 USD/kW Stoker boiler BFB/CFB boiler Gasifiers Stoker CHP Gasifier CHP Landfill gas Anearobic digester Co-firingPDF Image | International Renewable Energy Agency
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