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7.2 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE COSTS FOR CSP PLANTS The O&M costs of recent CSP plants are not publically available. However, a very detailed assessment of the O&M costs of the Californian SEGS plants estimated their O&M costs to be USD 0.04/kWh. The replacement of receivers and mirrors, due to glass breakage, are an important component of the O&M costs. The cost of mirror washing, including water costs, is also significant. Plant insurance can also be a large expense and its annual cost can be between 0.5% to 1% of the initial capital cost. The O&M maintenance costs of modern CSP plants are lower than those for the Californian SEGS plants, as technology improvements have reduced the requirement to replace mirrors and receivers. Automation has reduced the cost of other O&M procedures by as much as 30%. As a result of improved O&M procedures (both cost and plant performance), total O&M costs of CSP plants in the long run are likely to be below USD 0.025/kWh. 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 100 MW (4.5 hours storage) 100 MW (9 hours storage) 100 MW (13.4 hours storage) 50 MW (9 hours storage) 100 MW (9 hours storage) Fixed 100 MW (12 hours storage) 100 MW (15 hours storage) 50 MW (9 hours storage) Parabolic trough Solar tower Variable FIGURE 7.3: OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE COSTS FOR PARABOLIC TROUGH AND SOLAR TOWER CSP PLANTS SOURCE: FICHTNER, 2010. It is currently estimated that a parabolic trough system in the United States would have O&M costs of around USD 0.015/kWh, comprised of fixed costs of USD 70/kW/year and around USD 0.003/kWh in variable costs (Turchi, 2010b). However, this excludes insurance and other potential costs also reported in some O&M cost estimates, so care should be taken in interpreting this value. Given that insurance alone typically adds 0.5% to 1% to O&M costs, a figure of USD 0.02 to USD 0.03/kWh seems a robust estimate of the total costs, including all other miscellaneous costs. For solar towers, the fixed O&M costs are estimated to be USD 65/kW/year (Turchi, 2010a) The O&M costs of two proposed parabolic trough and solar tower projects in South Africa have estimated O&M costs (including insurance) of between USD 0.029 and USD 0.036/kWh. Parabolic troughs and solar tower plants benefit from important economies of scale in O&M costs relative to the level of thermal energy storage when moving from 4.5 hours to 9 hours of storage, although adding more storage does not yield any further significant reductions. Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2012: An Overview 61 2011 USD/kWhPDF Image | International Renewable Energy Agency
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