PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 054
The global weighted average estimated BoS cost and breakdown for 2012 is presented in Figure 6.3 along with the best practice total BoS cost. Installation, engineering, procurement and construction (EPC); and other development costs account for 31% of the global average BoS costs, as do “other soft costs”. The inverter accounts for 16% of the BoS, the racking and mounting infrastructure 15% and electrical and other hardware for the final 7%. What is interesting is that best practice BoS costs are just half of the global average, representing the wide range in both markets and applications. Utility‐scale systems typically have the lowest BoS costs, which can be anywhere from a low average of around USD 0.95/W for Chinese and Indian ground‐mounted systems in 2012, to between USD 1.36 and USD 1.73/W for utility‐scale ground‐mounted systems in the United States. These variations reflect the maturity of markets and supply chains, but also the efficiency of support mechanisms since solar system pricing is often value‐based to some extent and influenced by the support levels in place. 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Total Other soft costs Installation/EPC/development Electrical/other hardware Racking/mounting Inverter Global weighted average Best practice FIGURE 6.3: UTILITY-SCALE SOLAR PV BALANCE OF SYSTEM COSTS SOURCE: PHOTON CONSULTING, 2012. BoS costs for smaller‐scale commercial and residential systems are typically higher than utility‐scale systems due to the increased costs associated with small‐scale projects and rooftop installations. However BoS costs can still be competitive, particularly for large commercial rooftop installations. For instance, the 2012 average BoS costs for large commercial rooftop systems in Italy and Germany were 30% and 12% respectively below the global average. BoS costs for residential systems in Germany in the first half of 2012 were in the range of USD 1 to USD 1.4/W (Sologico, 2012 and BSW, 2012). 52 Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2012: An Overview 2011 USD/WPDF Image | International Renewable Energy Agency
PDF Search Title:
International Renewable Energy AgencyOriginal File Name Searched:
Overview_Renewable_Power_Generation_Costs_in_2012.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)