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10 000 1 000 100 10 1 Argentina China Germany Laos Pakistan Romania Turkey Armenia Colombia Iceland Madagascar Panama Russia Uganda Austria Congo India Spalte O Peru South Africa USA Brasil Ecuador Iran Malaysia Portugal Sudan Canada El Salvador Japan Nepal Rep. Dominicana Vietnam Chile Ethiopia Kenya Nicaragua Ruanda Switzerland 1 10 100 Capacity (MW) 1 000 10 000 FIGURE 5.3: ELECTRO-MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT COSTS FOR HYDROPOWER AS A FUNCTION OF CAPACITY (LOG-SCALE) SOURCE: ALVARADO-ANCIETA, 2009. 5.1.2 TOTAL INSTALLED COSTS The capital costs of large hydropower projects are dominated by the civil works, the costs of which are influenced by numerous factors pertaining to the site, the scale of development and the technological solution that is most economic. Hydropower is a highly site‐ specific technology where each project is tailor‐made for a particular location within a given river basin to meet specific needs for energy and water management. Around three‐quarters of the total investment costs of hydropower projects are driven by site‐specific elements that impact on the civil engineering design and costs. Proper site selection and hydro scheme design are therefore key challenges, and detailed work at the design stage can avoid expensive mistakes (Ecofys, et al., 2011). The total installed costs for large‐scale hydropower projects typically range from a low of USD 1 000/kW to around USD 3 500/kW (Figure 5.4). However, it is not unusual to find projects with costs outside this range. For instance, installing hydropower capacity at an existing dam that was built for other purposes (flood control, water provision, etc.) may have costs as low as USD 500/kW. On the other hand, projects at remote sites, without adequate local infrastructure and located far from existing transmission networks, can cost significantly more than USD 3 500/kW due to higher logistical and grid connection costs. Total installed costs are lowest in China, India and Latin America but are higher in Africa and Europe and Central Asia. This reflects the fact that in Europe and Central Asia most of the low‐cost hydropower potential has already 42 Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2012: An Overview Cost (Million USD2005)PDF Image | International Renewable Energy Agency
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