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3. GLOBAL RENEWABLE POWER MARKET TRENDS 3.1 TOTAL INSTALLED RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION CAPACITY AT THE END OF 2011 At the end of 2011, renewable power generation capacity had risen to around 1 360 GW. Although hydropower still dominates this total, the rapid growth in wind and solar PV means that its share is slowly declining. However, the rate of decline in hydro’s share of renewable power generation, rather than capacity, is slower, as the capacity factors of wind and solar PV are generally lower than hydro. Hydropower produces around 16‐17% of the world’s electricity and around 80% of the world’s renewable electricity, depending on the annual hydrological inflows, from around 970 GW of capacity (Figure 3.1) (REN21, 2012). This excludes pumped storage hydropower capacity, which has been estimated to be between 120 GW and 150 GW (IHA, 2011) with a central estimate of 136 GW. Currently, more than 25 countries depend on hydropower for 90% or more of their electricity supply (99.3% in Norway), of which 12 countries have 100% hydro‐based systems. Hydro produces the bulk of electricity in 65 countries and plays some role in more than 150 countries. Brazil, Canada, China and the United States have the largest hydropower generation capacity (IPCC, 2011; REN21, 2011; and IHA, 2011). 250 200 150 100 50 0 1000 Rest World/ World (for hydro) 970 GW 800 600 400 Rest South America/ Caribbean Brazil Rest Asia/Oceania India China Africa/Middle East Other APEC Japan North America 200 Europe FIGURE 3.1: INSTALLED RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION CAPACITY BY TYPE, END-2011 SOURCE: EPIA, 2012; GWEC, 2012; IHA, 2012; IGA, 2012, PLATTS, 2011; AND REN21, 2012. Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2012: An Overview 25 GW Biomass CSP Geothermal Solar PV Wind HydroPDF Image | International Renewable Energy Agency
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