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0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Range of fossil fuel power OECD FIGURE ES.2: TYPICAL LCOE COST RANGES FOR RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES, 2012 AND 2020 Note: PT = parabolic trough, ST = solar tower, BFB/CFB = bubbling fluidised bed/circulating fluidised bed, AD = anaerobic digestion. There are significant differences in installed capital costs between technologies and regions. This highlights the need to collect comprehensive real world project data in order to properly evaluate the costs and potential of renewables. With the exception of hydro upgrades and biomass co‐ firing, where the existing investment in dams or coal‐fired power plants respectively have already been made, the lowest capital costs for renewable technologies are for wind and biomass in non‐OECD countries (Figure ES.3). What is notable about this picture, compared to the analysis of two years ago, is that today the costs of utility‐scale solar PV rival those of wind in some regions and have not yet finished their downward trajectory. The installed cost range for wind in the major markets5 is relatively narrow compared to those for other renewable technologies. This reflects not only the large share of wind turbine costs in the total, but also the more homogenous nature of wind farm developments. For solar PV the installed cost range is very wide. For instance the total installed costs for residential PV systems in the second quarter of 2012 in Germany were as low as USD 1 600/kW for the cheapest systems (with an average of USD 2 200/kW), but rise to USD 8 000/kW for the most expensive systems in the United States (with an average of USD 5 500/kW). Some of this difference can be attributed to structural factors, the competitiveness of the local market, or the impact of policy support, but many factors remain unexplained. 5 If smaller markets were included, this range would widen to a maximum of around USD 3 000/kW due to the less mature market infrastructure for wind, as well as higher infrastructure and commodity costs in many developing countries. Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2012: An Overview 7 2012 2020 2012 2020 2012 2020 2012 2020 2012 2020 2012 2020 2012 2020 2012 2020 2012 2020 2012 2020 2012 2020 2012 2020 2012 2020 2011 USD/kWh Wind onshore Wind offshore Solar PV-grid CSP PT (no storage) CSP PT (6 h storage) CSP ST (6-15 h storage) Biomass-stoker/BFB/CFB Biomass-gasification Biomass-AD Biomass-co-firing Biomass non-OECD Hydropower GeothermalPDF Image | International Renewable Energy Agency
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