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A 2009 feasibility study considered both rehabilitating older hydro plants and developing new sites along existing rivers. Commissioned by VINLEC and funded by CRETAF (a CREDP feasibility study fund), the study found several projects to be technically and economically feasible. The existing Richmond and South Rivers hydro plants could add output of 13% and 10%, respectively, by replacing electromechanical equipment, at a cost of U.S. $8.5 million. A new 1.19-MW plant also planned. Tendering for all three projects was planned for 2010 (Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2010, pp. 33–34). As of December 2011 no further updates were recorded. For the undeveloped Wallibou and Buccament rivers, previous studies by CREDP/GTZ have suggested potential of up to 10MW. Currently, the National Water Resource Management program is comprehensively assessing water resources for drinking, irrigation, and hydro power. The management program is supported by the European Development Fund (EDF) in collaboration with the Central Water and Sewerage Authority and VINLEC. This effort has installed the measurement equipment needed to assess potential new sites (Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2010, pp. 21, 33–34). As of December 2011 no further updates were recorded. 3.7.13.2 Wind Wind resources have been studied throughout SVG since 2005. Among the Grenadines, the islands of Bequia, Canouan, Mayreau, and Union all have potential for wind generation, with estimated annual mean wind speeds of up to 8 m/s on eastward-facing ridges. On St. Vincent, Brighton (a landfill site) and nearby Ribishi Point were identified as the most promising, with average wind speeds of 7.8 m/s at 10 m and an 8.4 m/s at 55 m, respectively (Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2010, pp. 22, 35; Posorski & Werner 2009, p. 80). At Ribishi Point, an 8-MW wind farm with generation cost of U.S. $0.074 per kilowatt-hour was estimated as a U.S. $7.2-million investment in 2008 (Posorski & Werner 2009, p. 80). VINLEC has tendered bids for an IPP to provide 5 MW at this site, with a decision that was expected during 2010 (Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2010, pp. 22, 35). During the proposals evaluation VINLEC pulled out of the bid procedure (CAWEI 2011, pp. 57). Unlike other islands in the region, Ribishi Point is located near a landfill site where land use competition is limited while offering excellent wind resources (CAWEI 2011, pp. 57). As of December 2011 no further updates were recorded. Desalination by wind power also is being studied under a project financed by the Global Environment Facility. On the island of Bequia, wind turbines could be used to power reverse-osmosis desalination (Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2010, p. 35). This application has potential, because both wind generation and freshwater demand are variable quantities. 3.7.13.3 Geothermal Geothermal resources have been considered on St. Vincent since a 1996 study performed by the Idaho National Laboratory (Joseph 2008, pp. 14–15). No exploratory drilling has been done, therefore potential estimates were drawn from a 1999 government study, and range from about 100 MW (Deane 2009, p. 16) to as much as 890 MW (per Huttrer) (Joseph 2008, p. 14). The government granted exploration rights to the developer CGE Ltd, a private geothermal firm, through a geothermal exploration and exploitation agreement (GEA) signed January 15, 2010. The GEA grants the developer the exclusive right to investigate and develop the resources within the Soufriere region and to operate as an IPP (Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2010, pp. 22, 32). The developer failed to commence the initial geo-scientific survey within six months of the effective date of the agreement. As a result, on August 13, 2010, the government issued a notice of termination which 93PDF Image | Energy Policy and Analysis Caribbean
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