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Where: = overall exergetic efficiency m = the heat source fluid mass flow Wnet = Net power generated by the plant In addition to the above, there are mechanical and electrical losses which reduce the net generated output, as compared to maximum available exergy. The irreversibility of a binary process on the hot side, namely the temperature difference between the heating fluid and the working fluid, is very nicely demonstrated on a Q/T (Heat rejected from the heating fluid vs. Temperature) diagram. Figure 1 is a typical Q/T diagram showing a liquid-type heat source heating the working fluid in a simple Organic Rankine Cycle containing a preheater and vaporizer. The marked parts between the two curves represents the irreversibility (losses) of the conversion process. It is clear from this figure that the similarity in shape of the two curves and the proximity between them are good indications of the process efficiency. [4] Figure 1 Two-Phase Geothermal Power Plant In the majority of geothermal fields worldwide, the geothermal fluid is separated in an above ground separator into a stream of steam and a stream of brine. In a low to moderate enthalpy resource the steam quality is 10 to 30% as a function of fluid enthalpy and separation pressure. The two streams can very efficiently be utilized in a "Two-Phase Organic Rankine Cycle Unit", as shown in Figure 2. Separated steam (usually with some percentage of Non-Condensible Gases or NCGs) is introduced in the vaporizer to vaporize the organic fluid.PDF Image | Advanced Organic Rankine Cycles in Binary Geothermal
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