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1.3 Background Before addressing the specifics of the current reference design, review of some background is appropriate. In particular, the reasons for specifying 300 MWe as the standard power train rating need to be appreciated. Considerations leading to this specification were as follows: 1. Realization of economy of scale to the extent practical 2. Matching the potential future reactor market, which might encompass individual power plants ranging from 300 to 1200 MWe 3. Taking advantage of modularity, factory fabricability, and transportability 4. Synergism with relevant industrial experience, both nuclear and non-nuclear, and with concurrent GEN-IV reactor development programs A brief synopsis of relevant factors in each category follows. Schlenker (1.1) gives scaling relations for (helium) turboset costs. For example, at 12 MPa one has: Cost ≈ (Power) 0.68 which suggests as large as possible a rating as permitted by other constraints. Choosing 300 MWe as a rating allows us to follow the PWR precedent of using 1 to 4 loops to compete in both small and large markets. At the small end, for example, the IRIS PWR concept is rated at about 300 MWe and is being designed with the small-grid user in mind. Similarly the GT-MHR is rated at 285 MWe. At the large end one has near term next-generation competitors such as AP-1000, rated at 1000 MWe. Practical upper-limit size constraints of note are pressure vessel fabrication, where PWR vessels of about 5 m OD at 15 MPa are currently being produced; and universal transportability, where Schnabel rail cars can move loads of several hundred tons, and on the order of five-meter diameters. Respecting these constraints would allow fabrication, repair, refurbishment, and uprating of power conversion units in a factory setting, with attendant savings. We are also favored in this regard by the inherently compact nature of the S-CO2 turbomachinery and heat exchangers of the PCHE (HeatricTM) type. Dostal estimates that an integral, all-in-one, S-CO2 power conversion unit (PCU) would be only 54% the volume of a GT-MHR He PCU unit of the same rating. Synergism with industrial experience is also relevant to our sizing decision. The largest fossil-fired industrial heavy-duty gas turbines are in a comparable size range: (1.2) (e.g. the ABB GT26 unit at 254 MW, the GE MS900G at 282 MW, and the Siemens- Ansaldo V94.3A at 240 MW), when used alone or in combined cycle applications. This provides a ready-made source of balance-of-electrical-plant components for generation and power conditioning. Their materials and bearing technology experience is also relevant. Another useful reservoir of transferable technology in the size range of current interest are the existing supercritical steam, high pressure stage, turbines used in fossil-fired-plants at up to 30 MPa and 600°C (1.3). Materials, bearings and shaft seals are of particular relevance. 3PDF Image | Report No: MIT-GFR-014 Topical Report 300 MWe Supercritical CO2 Plant Layout and Design
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